Die Vertreibung von Wissenschaftlern aus den deutschen Universitäten 1933–1945

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Die nationalsozialistische Personalpolitik an den deutschen Hochschulen und der erzwungene Exodus vieler Wissenschaftler sind ein zentrales Thema der Zeitgeschichtsforschung. Noch nie aber sind die Folgen dieses gleichermaßen brutalen wie systematischen Eingriffs von oben so präzise rekonstruiert worden wie in dieser Untersuchung. Sie ist nicht nur eine eindrucksvolle Bilanz zahlreicher Detailstudien, sie basiert auch auf ausgedehnten Archivrecherchen der beiden Autoren.To some degree, all accounts of the National Socialist dictatorship describe the mass expulsions with which the National Socialists cleansed the German universities. Yet, there is still no clarity as to the exact extent of the factually incurred personnel losses at universities during the Nazi Era and what became of the expelled academics. The article provides dependable figures for two-thirds of all universities and can therefore deliver a preliminary overview of the losses by expulsion on this basis.A detailed appendix provides exact data on the individual universities and short biographies of those professors who became victims of National Socialist extermination policies or committed suicide

Kolloidchemie

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Microtubule dynamics in cell division : exploring living cells with polarized light microscopy

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Annual Reviews for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 24 (2008): 1-28, doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175323.This Perspective is an account of my early experience while I studied the dynamic organization and behavior of the mitotic spindle and its submicroscopic filaments using polarized light microscopy. The birefringence of spindle filaments in normally dividing plant and animal cells, and those treated by various agents, revealed: A) the reality of spindle fibers and fibrils in healthy living cells; B) the labile, dynamic nature of the molecular filaments making up the spindle fibers; C) the mode of fibrogenesis and action of orienting centers; and D) force-generating properties based on the disassembly and assembly of the fibrils. These studies, which were carried out directly on living cells using improved polarizing microscopes, in fact, predicted the reversible assembly properties of isolated microtubules