3,211 research outputs found

    Characterisation of peroxisomes in the fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum

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    Peroxisome is a compartment that is found in most eukaryotic organisms' cells. It has several crucial roles, such as fatty acid beta (β) oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detoxification. It contains many essential enzymes, including oxidase and catalase, and has several metabolic and non-metabolic pathways, depending on the environment and the organisms within its cells. This study investigates the role of peroxisomes in two organisms, S. pombe and D. discoideum. Although S. pombe is a well-studied yeast, there is only one study of this yeast that has focused on peroxisomes. This study offers a few crucial observations, including that S. pombe contains peroxisomes, that GFP containing a well-characterized PTS1 (SKL) is efficiently imported, and that peroxisome numbers increase in cells grown on a fatty acid as the sole carbon source, suggesting a role for peroxisomes in fatty acid degradation. The starting point in my research was initially a bioinformatics screen. This screening recognized the enzymes imported into peroxisomes based on the presence of a potential peroxisomal targeting signal. A few proteins were found. However, the low number of proteins with a classical PTS might be the result of different targeting signals that are not recognized by our bioinformatics parameters. Indeed, in other organisms, there are proteins without PTS1 that still use Pex5 for import. The first example is S. cerevisiae Acyl-CoA oxidase. In a global yeast two-hybrid screen, S. pombe Pex5 was found to bind S. pombe Str3 and Lys3. Consequently, we think that there is conserved targeting of a peroxisomal protein lacking a PTS1 and PTS2 imported into the peroxisome by Pex5. One of these is the Str3 case. Interestingly, proteins involved in peroxisomal fatty acid β -oxidation are absent from the S. pombe genome, casting doubt on the conclusions from the previous study and explaining the low number of potential peroxisomal enzymes. In D. discoideum, this study investigates the dynamic regulation of peroxisome numbers in response to growth conditions and identifies peroxisomal import and contents through a proximity labeling approach (BioID). Overall, this study sheds light on the roles and regulation of peroxisomes in these two organisms

    Functional Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites: Current Uses and Potential Applications

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    This book covers a broad range of subjects, from smart nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposite synthesis and the study of their fundamental properties to the fabrication and characterization of devices and emerging technologies with smart nanoparticles and polymer integration

    Design of new algorithms for gene network reconstruction applied to in silico modeling of biomedical data

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    Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología, Ingeniería y Tecnología QuímicaLínea de Investigación: Ingeniería, Ciencia de Datos y BioinformáticaClave Programa: DBICódigo Línea: 111The root causes of disease are still poorly understood. The success of current therapies is limited because persistent diseases are frequently treated based on their symptoms rather than the underlying cause of the disease. Therefore, biomedical research is experiencing a technology-driven shift to data-driven holistic approaches to better characterize the molecular mechanisms causing disease. Using omics data as an input, emerging disciplines like network biology attempt to model the relationships between biomolecules. To this effect, gene co- expression networks arise as a promising tool for deciphering the relationships between genes in large transcriptomic datasets. However, because of their low specificity and high false positive rate, they demonstrate a limited capacity to retrieve the disrupted mechanisms that lead to disease onset, progression, and maintenance. Within the context of statistical modeling, we dove deeper into the reconstruction of gene co-expression networks with the specific goal of discovering disease-specific features directly from expression data. Using ensemble techniques, which combine the results of various metrics, we were able to more precisely capture biologically significant relationships between genes. We were able to find de novo potential disease-specific features with the help of prior biological knowledge and the development of new network inference techniques. Through our different approaches, we analyzed large gene sets across multiple samples and used gene expression as a surrogate marker for the inherent biological processes, reconstructing robust gene co-expression networks that are simple to explore. By mining disease-specific gene co-expression networks we come up with a useful framework for identifying new omics-phenotype associations from conditional expression datasets.In this sense, understanding diseases from the perspective of biological network perturbations will improve personalized medicine, impacting rational biomarker discovery, patient stratification and drug design, and ultimately leading to more targeted therapies.Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla. Departamento de Deporte e Informátic

    2023-2024 Catalog

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    The 2023-2024 Governors State University Undergraduate and Graduate Catalog is a comprehensive listing of current information regarding:Degree RequirementsCourse OfferingsUndergraduate and Graduate Rules and Regulation

    Simultaneous Multiparametric and Multidimensional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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    Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites

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    This open access book provides an overview of the work undertaken within the FiberEUse project, which developed solutions enhancing the profitability of composite recycling and reuse in value-added products, with a cross-sectorial approach. Glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers, or composites, are increasingly used as structural materials in many manufacturing sectors like transport, constructions and energy due to their better lightweight and corrosion resistance compared to metals. However, composite recycling is still a challenge since no significant added value in the recycling and reprocessing of composites is demonstrated. FiberEUse developed innovative solutions and business models towards sustainable Circular Economy solutions for post-use composite-made products. Three strategies are presented, namely mechanical recycling of short fibers, thermal recycling of long fibers and modular car parts design for sustainable disassembly and remanufacturing. The validation of the FiberEUse approach within eight industrial demonstrators shows the potentials towards new Circular Economy value-chains for composite materials

    Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering 2020

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    This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration
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