The development of play-texts: From manuscript to print

It is an axiom of historical linguistics, and indeed historical studies generally, that our present-day assumptions are not a reliable basis for the analysis and interpretation of language data from earlier periods. Assumptions, not just about language but any kind of human experience, help people make sense of the world in a cognitively efficient way. But those very assumptions interact with the phenomena to which they pertain, and together they change over time. Present-day assumptions form the endpoint of diachronic change. The first task for the historian is to describe earlier states of the language and its contexts, including the likely assumptions of contemporaries, and begin to understand why it is as it is. The second task is to explain the processes of change which have led to the current situation today. This paper aims to show how present-day assumptions about early modern play-texts are inappropriate or misleading. It explores how the dialogue of earlier plays was shaped by particular manuscript practices, and compares this with the dialogue of present-day plays that are shaped by the context of printing

Tomahawk, April 1, 1975

This is the April Fool\u27s Day edition of The Crusader, published under the masthead The Tomahawk (former name of the student newspaper). The contents of this edition are intended to be humerous or satirical in nature.https://crossworks.holycross.edu/crusader/2525/thumbnail.jp

ANAGEMENT OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURE IN ADULTS WITH PHILOS PLATE FIXATION IN NEER TYPE 2 AND TYPE 3

Objective: One of the most frequent bone fractures is a fracture of the proximal humerus. They make up between 4% and 5% of all fracture. With less invasive soft-tissue injury and a lower risk of iatrogenic avascular necrosis, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation have become more popular in recent years as opposed to open reduction (OR) and extensive internal fixation (IF) (by plates and screws). The aim of this study was to compare the functional results of proximal humerous locking osteosynthesis (PHILOS) fixation against OR and IF of proximal humerus fractures (2 and 3 Neer’s classification).  Methodology: This study involved 40 patients, with a mean age of 53 and a range of ages from 18 to 55, with 2 and 3 part fractures according to Neer’s classification. Patients were randomized to either group, with Group I type 2 fractures receiving OR and IF for 22 patients, and Group II (type 3 fractures) with 18 patients receiving PHILOS plate fixation, with function assessed using the CMS score.  Results: At 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of follow-up, Group I’s mean Visual analog scale (VAS) score decreased to 2.52, 2.10, and 1.22 and in Group II, 3.86, 2.64, and 2.41. The VAS score was reduced and function CMS score were significantly increased in Group I (80% VAS score, 65% CMS score) as compared to Group II (64% VAS score, and 58%CMS score). At 1, 3, and 6 months, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Both groups saw satisfactory results, with each method having benefits and drawbacks. We discovered that plate fixation provided stable fixation with few implant problems and early range-of-motion exercise to achieve acceptable functional results

Tomahawk, April 1, 1985

This is the April Fool\u27s Day edition of The Crusader, published under the masthead The Tomahawk (former name of the student newspaper). The contents of this edition are intended to be humerous or satirical in nature.https://crossworks.holycross.edu/crusader/2214/thumbnail.jp

Tomahawk, April 1, 1984

This is the April Fool\u27s Day edition of The Crusader, published under the masthead The Tomahawk (former name of the student newspaper). The contents of this edition are intended to be humerous or satirical in nature.https://crossworks.holycross.edu/crusader/2213/thumbnail.jp

Comparison of physical and anthropometrical parameters of teen-age male rowers, kayakers, canoers and sedentary school children

Objetivo: Comparar los parámetros antropométricos y físicos de los jóvenes remeros, kayakistas, canoeros y la población de control. Métodos: Nuestro estudio se llevó a cabo en 173 niños (n=53 remeros, edad=16,24±1,51 años; n=38 kayakistas, edad= 17,0±3,99 años; n= 37 canoeros, edad= 15,1±0,53 años; y grupo control, n=45, edad=15,0±0,46). Varios bioparámetros, altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg) e (índice de masa corporal) (kg/m2), grosor del pliegue cutáneo (mm) bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, suprailíaco y pantorrilla, diámetros de humorístico y fémur (cm), longitud del brazo (cm), longitud del brazo (cm), longitud de la parte delantera de la pierna (cm), longitud del muslo (cm), longitud del pie (cm), longitud de la parte superior del brazo, longitud del antebrazo (cm), hombro Se midieron la anchura (cm), la longitud del tronco (cm), la circunferencia del muslo y la pantorrilla (cm), el porcentaje de grasa corporal, la fuerza de agarre (derecha e izquierda) de las manos, la flexibilidad del tronco, la fuerza relativa de la espalda, los abdominales y las flexiones.Resultados:La altura corporal (cm) de los remeros masculinos fue mayor que la de los canoeros masculinos y el grupo control (p<0,05). El salto largo de pie (cm) de los remeros masculinos fue significativamente mayor que los kayakistas y el grupo de control (p<0,05). La flexibilidad de los remeros masculinos fue significativamente mayor que la de los piragüistas masculinos y el grupo de control (p<0.0.5). La fuerza relativa de la espalda (kg) de los remeros, kayakistas y canoeros masculinos fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo de control. Sentarse/minuto de los canoeros masculinos fue significativamente mayor que los remeros masculinos (p<0,01) y los kayakistas (p<0,05). El empuje hacia arriba/minuto de los canoistas masculinos se observó significativamente más alto que el grupo de control (p <0,01) y los kayakistas y remeros (p <0,05). La envergadura de los brazos de los remeros fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo control (p<0,01) y la de los kayakistas y canoeros (p<0,05). La longitud del antebrazo (cm) de los remeros masculinos fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo de control (p<0,01). También se encontró más alto en kayakistas y canoeros masculinos que en el grupo de control (p<0.05).Conclusión:Nuestros atletas tienen una diferencia significativa en algunos parámetros ya que están bien entrenados y el grupo de control no tiene entrenamiento previo en absoluto.Aim: It is to compare anthropometrical and physical parameters of teen-aged young male rowers, kayakers, canoers and control population. Methods: Our study was carried on 173 children (n=53 rowers, age=16.24±1.51 years; n=38 kayakers, age= 17.0±3.99 years; n= 37 canoers, age= 15.1±0.53 years; and control group, n=45, age=15.0±0.46). Several bio-parameters, body height (cm), body weight (kg) and (body mass index) (kg/m2), skin fold thickness (mm)  biceps, triceps, sub-scapula, supra-illiac and calf, diameters of humorous and femur (cm), arm length (cm), arm span (cm), fore leg length (cm), thigh length (cm), foot length (cm), upper arm length, fore arm length (cm), shoulder breadth (cm), trunk length (cm), thigh and calf girth (cm), body fat percentage, the grip strength (right and left ) hands, trunk flexibility, relative back strength, sit up, push up  were measured. Results: Body height (cm) of male rowers was higher than male canoers and control group (p<0.05). Standing broad jump (cm) of male rowers was significantly higher than kayakers and control group (p<0.05). Flexibility of male rowers was significantly higher than male canoers and control group (p<0.0.5). Relative back strength (kg) of male rowers, kayakers and canoers was significantly higher than control group. Sit up /minute of male canoers was significantly higher than both male rowers (p<0.01) and kayakers (p<0.05). Push up/minute of male canoers was noted higher significantly than control group (p<0.01) and kayakers and rower (p<0.05). The arm span of rowers was significantly higher than control group (p<0.01) and kayakers and canoers (p<0.05). Fore arm length (cm) of male rowers was significantly higher than control group (p<0.01). It was also found higher in male kayakers and canoers than control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our athletes have significant difference in some parameters as they are well trained and the control group has no such previous training at all

DDASaccident569

On 18 June 2007 at 1140 hrs (local time), [the Victim] a (Commercial demining group) Deminer, inadvertently caused an item of explosive ordnance (EO), which is considered to be a No. 4A anti-personnel mine, to activate, while conducting the manual mine clearance full excavation procedure. As a result of the explosion [the Victim] was thrown backwards by the blast wave and suffered a traumatic amputation of the right hand, a fractured right humerous and critical head and eye injuries

DDASaccident569

On 18 June 2007 at 1140 hrs (local time), [the Victim] a (Commercial demining group) Deminer, inadvertently caused an item of explosive ordnance (EO), which is considered to be a No. 4A anti-personnel mine, to activate, while conducting the manual mine clearance full excavation procedure. As a result of the explosion [the Victim] was thrown backwards by the blast wave and suffered a traumatic amputation of the right hand, a fractured right humerous and critical head and eye injuries

Fractures around child’s elbow-radiological patterns

Background: This was a one-year prospective study aimed at evaluating the clinical and radiological patterns of the paediatric elbow fractures and determining the magnitude of the problem. The clinical and radiological pitfalls in managing such fractures were also studied and addressed. The setting was in Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Tikur-Anbessa Referral/teaching Hospital.Methods: This was a prospective study of paediatric elbow fractures that were seen at our University Hospital from January 2005 to January 2006. The study population consisted of all children aged less than 16 years who sustained trauma and had a fracture around their elbow. After thorough history and clinical examination routine PA & Lateral plain radiographs were taken. Both Orthopedic Surgeons and Radiologists discussed the findings and these were recorded using the prepared format. More X-ray views, contra lateral elbow X-rays and discussions were conducted on doubtful cases. A total of 223 elbows with fracture were followed up, 72 children with elbow trauma but without fractures were excluded from the study.Results: Males accounted for 168 (75.5 %) of cases. A total of 214 (96%) of the injuries resulted from falls. Only in 7 children reported having been ‘Hit by car’ as cause of fracture and all these were males. The left side was involved in 147 (66%) of instances. The commonest fracture type was supracondylar in 154/223 (69.1%), followed by Capitallar in 31 (13.9%) and medial Epicondylar fracture in 11 (5%). Posterior displacement was the commonest direction of displacement for supracondylar fractures (44.8%). There were no radial neck and isolated medial humeral condyle fractures encountered. Trochlear fracture was of higher incidence than comparable studies. Posterior fat pad radiological sign was present in 77% of elbows. Two children were found evidently abused. Diagnosis of fracture pattern was difficult/ ‘disputable’ in 22 elbows and in four elbows diagnosis was completely missed and later on detected at follow-up clinics.Conclusion: Fractured pediatric elbow is a common clinical encounter and poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Such fractures should be handled cautiously and in doubtful cases discussions between surgeon and radiologist is valuable. Posterior fat pad sign is a reliable radiological diagnostic indicator of pediatric elbow fractures. Additional diagnostic modalities like MRI should be taken to clearly visualize doubtful fractures and cartilaginous secondary new ossification centers at specific ages

Volume 77 Issue 13

https://dc.swosu.edu/the_southwestern/1794/thumbnail.jp