Small area estimation for spatially correlated populations - a comparison of direct and indirect model-based methods

Linear mixed models underpin many small area estimation (SAE) methods. In this paper we investigate SAE based on linear models with spatially correlated small area effects where the neighbourhood structure is described by a contiguity matrix. Such models allow efficient use of spatial auxiliary information in SAE. In particular, we use simulation studies to compare the performances of model-based direct estimation (MBDE) and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP) under such models. These simulations are based on theoretically generated populations as well as data obtained from two real populations (the ISTAT farm structure survey in Tuscany and the US Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program survey). Our empirical results show only marginal gains when spatial dependence between areas is incorporated into the SAE model

Kurikulum 2013 pendidikan anak usia dini (peraturan menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan Republik Indonesia nomor 146 tahun 2014)

Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2014 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Disertai dengan lampirannya yaitu Kerangka Dasar Kurikulum dan Struktur Kurikulum PAUD 2013; Pedoman Deteksi Dini Tumbuh Kembang Anak; Pedoman Pengembangan KTSP; Pedoman Pembelajaran; Pedoman Penilaia

The Impact of Omnibus Law Creation of Employment on Contract Workers From a Legispru-dence Perspective

Abstrak Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU No.11/2020), mendapat penolakan dan menimbulkan opini-opini ketidakpuasan dari sebahagian besar masyarakat Indonesia dengan tingkat persepsi hukum yang berbeda-beda. Namun ada salah satu hal dari permasalahan UU No.11/2020 ini yaitu terdapat beberapa perubahan ketentuan mengenai perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu (PKWT) yang dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan permasalahan dalam implementasinya. Salah satunya adalah terkait perubahan ketentuan tentang jangka waktu untuk dapat dilakukan perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu yang lamanya ditentukan oleh perjanjian kerja dan tidak diatur mengenai batas maksimalnya dalam undang-undang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaturan UU No.11/2020 terhadap perlindungan hukum tenaga kerja dengan perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu (PKWT) dalam perspektif pembentukan hukum nasional atau undang-undang yang dibuat dengan teknik omnibus law. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah tipe penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan-bahan hukum yang digunakan berupa primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang dengan menganalisa dan mengutip perundang-undangan yang berlaku.  Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa perubahan terkait aturan-aturan mengenai perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu dalam UU No.11/2020 dan terhadap perubahan-perubahan tersebut masih ditemukan beberapa permasalahan serta kekosongan hukum pada beberapa ketentuan, sehingga pemerintah patut menerbitkan peraturan pemerintah dan/atau peraturan pelaksana lainnya yang dianggap perlu untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut. Kata kunci: kepastian hukum; perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu; undang-undang cipta kerja Abstract The enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Law No. 11/2020), was rejected and caused discontent opinions from most Indonesians with different levels of legal perception. However, one of the problems with Law No. 11/2020 is that there are several changes to the provisions regarding a certain time work agreement (CTWA) which are feared to cause problems in its implementation. One of them is related to changes in the provisions regarding the period of time for which a work agreement can be made for a certain time, the length of which is determined by the work agreement and is not regulated regarding the maximum limit in the law. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of Law No. 11/2020 on the legal protection of workers with a certain time work agreement (CTWA) in the perspective of national law formation or laws made using omnibus law techniques. The type of research used is a normative legal research type with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials used are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Techniques for collecting legal materials by analyzing and citing applicable laws and regulations. The results of the analysis show that there are several changes related to the rules regarding certain time work agreements in Law No. 11/2020 and against these changes there are still some problems and legal voids in some provisions, so the government should issue government regulations and/or other implementing regulations deemed necessary to deal with the problem. Keywords: certain time work agreement; job copyright law; legal certaint

Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia Pasca Putusan MK NO: 18/ PUU-XVII/ 2019 dan PUTUSAN MK NO: 2/ PUU-XIX/2021

This research aims to provide an overview of the execution of the fiduciary security object following the read of the two Constitutional Court Decisions which altered the understanding of the legal norms for the execution of the fiduciary security. The research method used is a normative juridical research method. The novelty of this article is related to the new legal norms in the execution of fiduciary guarantees related to the implementation of executive titles on fiduciary guarantee certificates and parate executive as well as the researcher's views which contradict the legal considerations and legal orders of the Constitutional Court in both decisions. Subsequent to the enactment of the two Constitutional Court Decisions, the creditor as the fiduciary recipient cannot immediately perform the execution of the object of the fiduciary security belonging to the debtor as the fiduciary recipient in the event that the debtor does not agree to the breach of contract and the debtor refuses to submit the object of the fiduciary guarantee voluntarily to the creditor. In addition, the legal norms contained in the two decisions of the Constitutional Court are a form of affirmation of the legal norms that should be carried out by creditors in carrying out the executorial title in a fiduciary guarantee certificate, namely by submitting an application for the execution of the object of guarantee to the Head of the local District Court

Legal Certainty of Home Industry Food Through National Agency of Drug And Food Control’s Post Market In View From Law No. 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection

Abstrak Beredarnya produk olahan dari industri rumah tangga saat ini menjadikan sertifikasi standardisasi produk penting sebagai upaya perlindungan masyarakat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kepastian hukum Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga dan pos pasar Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan sebagai upaya perlindungan konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan dengan pendekatan analitis. Spesifikasi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif konseptual. Data yang akan digunakan adalah data sekunder termasuk perundang-undangan dan literatur yang relevan dengan Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga dan Post Market Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa penerapan Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga berdasarkan Peraturan Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan No. 22 Tahun 2018 dapat menjadi perlindungan bagi masyarakat dari produk berbahaya. Sebagai tanggung jawab pengawasan terhadap produk yang telah diberikan sertifikat Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga, pelaksanaan pengawasan pos pasar oleh Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan atas dasar pelaksanaan Peraturan Balai Pengawas Obat dan Makanan No. 9 Tahun 2020 sebagai bentuk perlindungan hak konsumen sebagaimana diatur dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Dalam penerapannya, keduanya menunjukkan kepastian hukum yang jelas bagi konsumen. Kata kunci: pangan industri rumah tangga; perlindungan hukum; pos pasar Abstract The current circulation of processed products from home industries makes product standardization certification important as an effort to protect the public. This study aims to explain the legal certainty of Home Industry Food and the National Agency of Drug and Food Control post market as an effort to protect consumers. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method which is carried out with a statutory approach and with an analytical approach. The specification used is conceptual descriptive. The data that will be used is secondary data including legislation and literature relevant to Home Industry Food and Post Market National Agency of Drug and Food Control. From the research conducted, the results showed that the implementation of Home Industry Food based on National Agency of Drug and Food Control regulation No. 22 of 2018 can be a protection for the public from harmful products. As a responsibility for the supervision of products that have given Home Industry Food certificates, the implementation of post market supervision by National Agency of Drug and Food Control on the basis of implementation of National Agency of Drug and Food Control Regulation No. 9 of 2020 as a form of protecting consumer rights as stipulated in Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In their application, both show clear legal certainty for consumers. Keywords: home industry food; legal protection; post marke

URGENSI PENGATURAN KONSEP PERUSAHAAN RINTISAN DI RUU KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN PERUSAHAAN RINTISAN DI INDONESIA

AbstractStart-up was a new concept on entrepreneurship, especially in the digital economy and creative economy fields. Business growth, competition and challenges faced by start-ups are growing faster than the birth of new rules that can become a legal basis. The issuance of the Entrepreneurship Draft Bill shall provide opportunities for MSMEs including start-up who have been growing independently and innovatively even though this draft bill tends to only regulate MSMEs but has not been able to provide firm formulas and boundaries for the existence of start up. Start up as a new concept in entrepreneurship has characteristics and forms of business entities that will be identified in this normative juridical research. The urgency to regulating start up concept in the Entrepreneurship Draft Bill must be reviewed from several important aspects related to the interests of entrepreneurs, government and society holistically for the improvement of Enterpreneurship Draft Bill and Indonesian economic growth.Keywords: enterpreneurship; MSMEs; start-upAbstrakPerusahaan rintisan merupakan konsep baru di bidang kewirausahaan khususnya bidang ekonomi digital dan ekonomi kreatif. Pertumbuhan, persaingan dan jenis tantangan yang dihadapi dari tahun ke tahun berkembang lebih cepat dari lahirnya aturan-aturan baru yang dapat menjadi payung hukum. Hadirnya RUU Kewirausahaan dapat memberi peluang bagi UMKM termasuk pengusaha rintisan yang selama ini tumbuh secara independen, mandiri dan inovatif meskipun RUU ini belum dapat memberikan rumusan dan batasan yang tegas terhadap eksistensi perusahaan rintisan. Perusahaan rintisan sebagai konsep baru dalam kewirausahaan memiliki karakteristik dan bentuk badan usaha yang akan diidentifikasi dalam penelitian dengan metode yuridis normatif ini. Urgensi pengaturan perusahaan rintisan dalam RUU Kewirausahaan ditinjau dari beberapa aspek penting yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan pengusaha, pemerintah dan masyarakat secara holistik demi penyempurnaan draf RUU Kewirausahaan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia

Akibat Hukum dalam Proses Penyelesaian Roya

This study aims to find out the nature or meaning of arranged royalties and find out the legal consequences in the settlement process of royalties. The negligence of the debtor in committing roya or writing off the mortgage right after paying off the debt at the bank can result in the debtor being harmed. This research method uses normative legal research using a statutory approach. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the nature or meaning of roya is regulated based on Article 18 paragraph (1) of Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights on Land and Objects Related to Land requiring that mortgage rights be carried out at Regency/City Land Offices. The legal consequences in the roya settlement process include causing fines for taking Credit Principal Documents at the time of repayment of debt at the bank if there is a delay, the mortgage guarantee still has the status of being a debt guarantee at the Bank and has not fully become property. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that roya is essentially an important document that has an important role with its main benefit being proof of the mortgage debt of the house or land taken. In accordance with the Mortgage Law regulations, it is explained that with the existence of roya, it proves the existence of a legal certainty that the debt agreement period that has occurred between the creditor and the debtor has expire

Analisis Perjanjian Kredit Syariah Dikaitkan Dengan Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa di PNM Mekaar Syariah

This study explains how dispute resolution in PNM Mekaar Syariah is based on the agreement. This study uses an empirical juridical legal research method with a descriptive analytical legal research type. Primary data is obtained directly from the source through interviews, observations, and unofficial reports which the author then processes. Then secondary data comes from books and laws, and regulations. An agreement is an agreement between two or more parties to do something. In Islamic Law, this agreement is called akad. There are many types of contracts in Islamic Law, such as Murabahah Contracts and Wakalah Contracts. This study discusses sharia credit agreements that use Akad Wakalah and Akad Murabahah which are then linked to the dispute resolution mechanism at PNM Mekaar Syariah. There is a combination of a wakalah contract and a murabaha contract which can reduce the meaning of the murabaha contract itself. However, inclusion of a wakalah contract in murabahah financing becomes valid if the authorization (wakalah) is made before murabahah financing occurs. The contents of the contract must include a dispute resolution mechanism, if a dispute occurs it must be resolved in accordance with the contents of the contract agreed upon by the parties to the contract. Deliberation is the first step in resolving disputes at PNM Mekaar Syariah, if the deliberation is not successful then it will be followed by making a lawsuit to the Religious Court. PNM Mekaar Syariah uses the Islamic legal system which makes its dispute resolution through the Religious Courts

Hilangnya Retribusi Daerah Terkait Layanan Virtual Office

This research discusses the loss of regional fees related to virtual office services, which is very important to do. The loss of regional fees in virtual office services is the main focus of attention for local governments because it can have an impact on regional financial revenues and limitations in providing public facilities for the community. In the context of virtual office services, regional fees should be paid by service providers to local governments as a form of contribution to regional development and equity in public services. This regional fee is a certain licensing fee that must be imposed on virtual office service providers. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to find out the form of responsibility of virtual office service providers regarding the loss of regional fees. In this study, the method applied is normative research method which combines two approaches, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the analysis of this study are that virtual offices that neglect their obligations in making regional retribution payments either intentionally or as a result of digital system errors must still be held responsible for these actions. The form of accountability carried out by the virtual office is in the form of fines and imprisonment which are regulated in written regulations set by the governmen