9,013 research outputs found
Evolution of emotions on networks leads to the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas
We show that the resolution of social dilemmas in random graphs and scale-free networks is facilitated by
imitating not the strategy of better-performing players but, rather, their emotions. We assume sympathy and
envy to be the two emotions that determine the strategy of each player in any given interaction, and we define
them as the probabilities of cooperating with players having a lower and a higher payoff, respectively. Starting
with a population where all possible combinations of the two emotions are available, the evolutionary process
leads to a spontaneous fixation to a single emotional profile that is eventually adopted by all players. However,
this emotional profile depends not only on the payoffs but also on the heterogeneity of the interaction network.
Homogeneous networks, such as lattices and regular random graphs, lead to fixations that are characterized by
high sympathy and high envy, while heterogeneous networks lead to low or modest sympathy but also low envy.
Our results thus suggest that public emotions and the propensity to cooperate at large depend, and are in fact
determined by, the properties of the interaction network
The comparison in the rate of learning of colorful and abstract words in grade two
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit
Resolving Social Issues in a Merger: A Fair-Division Approach
One of the most elusive ingredients in the success of a deal is what deal makers euphemistically refer to as "Social issues" - how power, position, and status will be allocated among the merging companies' executives. A failure to resolve these issues often leads to the destruction of shareholder wealth and portrayal of top executives as petty corporates chieftains, unable to subordinate their selfish interests to the goal of promoting shareholder well-being.MERGERS ; EFFICIENCY ; EQUITY
Prizes versus Wages with Envy and Pride
We show that if agents are risk neutral, prizes outperform wages when there is sufficient pride and envy relative to the noisiness of performance. If agents are risk averse, prizes are a necessary supplement to wages (as bonuses).Envy, Pride, Wages, Prizes, Bonus
Advances in negotiation theory : bargaining, coalitions, and fairness
Bargaining is ubiquitous in real life. It is a major dimension of political and business activities. It appears at the international level, when governments negotiate on matters ranging from economic issues (such as the removal of trade barriers), to global security (such as fighting against terrorism) to environmental and related issues (such as climate change control). What factors determinethe outcomes of such negotiations? What strategies can help reach an agreement? How should the parties involved divide the gains from cooperation? With whom will one make alliances? The authors address these questions by focusing on a noncooperative approach to negotiations, which is particularly relevant for the study of international negotiations. By reviewing noncooperative bargaining theory, noncooperative coalition theory, and the theory of fair division, they try to identify the connections among these different facets of the same problem in an attempt to facilitate progress toward a unified framework.Economic Theory&Research,Social Protections&Assistance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Science Education
Advances in Negotiation Theory: Bargaining, Coalitions and Fairness
Bargaining is ubiquitous in real-life. It is a major dimension of political and business activities. It appears at the international level, when governments negotiate on matters ranging from economic issues (such as the removal of trade barriers), to global security (such as fighting against terrorism) to environmental and related issues (e.g. climate change control). What factors determine the outcome of negotiations such as those mentioned above? What strategies can help reach an agreement? How should the parties involved divide the gains from cooperation? With whom will one make alliances? This paper addresses these questions by focusing on a non-cooperative approach to negotiations, which is particularly relevant for the study of international negotiations. By reviewing noncooperative bargaining theory, non-cooperative coalition theory, and the theory of fair division, this paper will try to identify the connection among these different facets of the same problem in an attempt to facilitate the progress towards a unified framework.Negotiation theory, Bragaining, Coalitions, Fairness, Agreements
Learning from those "imitative" Japanese : Edward S. Morse and the civilization of the Mikado's empire
Already in the twelfth century, men canvassed different views on
the ways in which they thought lordship ought to be exercised. They
used their picture of how an idealised "Good Lord" -- a familiar label
in later times -- comported himself to assess the treatment they
actually received from their lords. This Good Lordship had both
Positive and Negative aspects: the "good lord" maintained his vassals
in their honours and renounced his right to revoke grants afterwards.
One excellent way to study the pursuit of this double ideal is through
the language of charters, more particularly through the warranty
clauses by which Good Lordship was often implemented. The
transformation of warranty into its familiar Common-Law shape reflects
corresponding and complex changes in both lord-vassal relations and the
role of the King and his justice.
Warranty actually began as a security device, designed to keep men
to their word, and is found used in this sense over wide areas of sub-
Carolingian Europe. It was probably imported to England by the French,
and can be seen in twelfth-century charters progressively superseding
other forms of words to become the classic "guarantee" of Good
Lordship. In this manner it came by 1200 to be virtually equated with
the lordship it had originally been used to enforce. Warranty was
lordship seen from the vassal's point of view, that is, tenant-right.
Despite this origin in very personal relations, warranty probably
always created between the parties' heirs some kind of obligation,
which sharpened and was made infinitely more clear-cut with the
emergence of full legal inheritance rights. Warranty swelled to full
tenant-right, a full guarantee of the Right to Good Lordship.
As the heir's claim grew into an enforceable right of inheritance
through increasing access to remedies by royal justice, and because
such justice tended to strict construction, warranty became a
contractual addition to which claimants had to prove their entitlement.
The narrative of legal change from 1150 argues for gradual evolution
but also suggests 1153-4 as the decisive turning-point in this
development.
Detailed (sometimes technical) examination of evidence for some
relevant cases, royal writs concerning warranty and the turning-point
of 1153-4 is reserved for three appendixes
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