An Effective Supply Chain Model using Blockchain in IoT with Trust Enabled Hybrid Concensus Algorithm

With the rapid growth of multiagent systems, concerns about privacy and security have assumed a position of paramount importance. Blockchain technology has gained a lot of attention since it first appeared because of its benefits in terms of decentralization, accessibility, traceability, and the capacity to be trustless. The increasingly complicated supply chains in today's world face significant issues regarding traceability and integrity. Blockchain technology holds out the possibility of developing a new concept for supply chain traceability, lapping these worries. Thus, in this research, the trust enable hybrid consensus algorithm is proposed for establishing consistency in the network with the irrelevant traders. The authorization is identified by the proposed model for accessing the Blockchain network depending on the accessibility rules. Depending on the various information sources, the authenticity of data is calculated, which makes the interaction between both the agent as well as the resource. The efficiency of the proposed model is determined by three different measures for secure data transfer. The attained minimal transaction time is 0.856 ms, memory usage is 87.684 KB, and responsiveness is 3.599 ms, respectively

A review of ethical theory in the ‘upper echelons’ of information systems research

Despite some notable and rare exceptions and after many years of relatively neglect (particularly in the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research), there appears to be some renewed interest in Information Systems Ethics (ISE). This paper reflects on the development of ISE by assessing the use and development of ethical theory in contemporary IS research with a specific focus on the ‘leading’ IS journals (according to the Association of Information Systems). The focus of this research is to evaluate if previous calls for more theoretically informed work are permeating the ‘upper echelons’ of IS research and if so, how (Walsham 1996; Smith and Hasnas 1999; Bell and Adam 2004). For the purposes of scope, this paper follows on from those previous studies and presents a detailed review of the leading IS publications between 2005 to 2007 inclusive. After several processes, a total of 32 papers are evaluated. This review highlights that whilst ethical topics are becoming increasingly popular in such influential media, most of the research continues to neglect considerations of ethical theory with preferences for a range of alternative approaches. Finally, this research focuses on some of the papers produced and considers how the use of ethical theory could contribute

The Mechanisms of Derivatives Market Efficiency

These are not your parents\u27 financial markets. A generation ago, the image of Wall Street was one of floor traders and stockbrokers, of opening bells and ticker symbols, of titans of industry and barbarians at the gate. These images reflected the prevailing view in which stock markets stood at the center of the financial universe. The high point of this equity-centric view coincided with the development of a significant body of empirical literature examining the efficient market hypothesis (EMH): the prediction that prices within an efficient stock market will fully incorporate all available information. Over time, this equity-centric view became conflated with these empirical findings, transforming the EMH in the eyes of many observers from a testable prediction about how rapidly new information is incorporated into stock prices into a more general--and generally unexamined--statement about the efficiency of financial markets. This Article examines the mechanisms of derivatives market efficiency. These mechanisms respond to information and other problems not generally encountered within conventional stock markets. These problems reflect important differences in the nature of derivatives contracts, the structure of the markets in which they trade, and the sources of market liquidity. Predictably, these problems have led to the emergence of very different mechanisms of market efficiency. This Article describes these problems and evaluates the likely effectiveness of the mechanisms of derivatives market efficiency. It then explores the implications of this evaluation in terms of the current policy debates around derivatives trade reporting and disclosure, the macroprudential surveillance of derivatives markets, the push toward mandatory central clearing of derivatives, the prudential regulation of derivatives dealers, and the optimal balance between public and private ordering

Behavioural study on advertising and marketing practices in online social media : Annex 1.5 legal assessment of problematic practices

One of the main objectives of the Online Social Media study is to identify which are the most common practices to which the consumer is exposed on Online Social Media (OSM) platforms and, amongst those, the ones that raise issues of compatibility with consumer legislation. The present legal analysis examines the identified online social media practices in light of the applicable consumer legislation. The contracts concluded between consumers and OSM platforms, and OSM platforms and third party traders are not an object of this study. The scope of the legal research was set to cover predominantly the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, and to some extent the Consumer Rights Directive, the Unfair Contract Terms Directive, and the E-commerce Directive. The focus of the study is on the assessment of the compatibility of the identified practices with these Directives. A number of other legal instruments of potential relevance for practices on online social media are not covered by this study, notably the new General Data Protection Regulation and the Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications, and specific legislation such as the Services Directive and the Audiovisual Media Directive

Noise or Quality? Cross-nested Hierarchical Effects of Culture on Online Ratings

Previous feedback system research in a variety of contexts has focused on the impact that ratings (as proxies for quality) have on a variety of social and economic outcomes with equivocal findings. These mixed findings may be partially due to noise (factors not related to quality) embedded in aggregated or average positive and negative ratings. One significant source of ratings noise may come from culturally diverse raters’ issuing ratings in virtual environments. Culture impacts how groups of individuals are socialized to behave and think, which may result in members’ having different attitudes towards publicly downgrading (negative ratings) or praising (positive ratings) other members in the feedback system. In this paper, I investigate how culture influences rating practices specifically in public electronic knowledge sharing communities. Using a cross-nested hierarchical linear model, I demonstrate empirically that cultural differences at the community, occupation, and national levels interact in unique ways to increase or decrease an individual’s propensity to give and receive a positive or a negative rating. My study contributes to the literature on rating systems along with having practical ramifications for the designers of feedback systems

The Mechanisms of Derivatives Market Efficiency

These are not your parents\u27 financial markets. A generation ago, the image of Wall Street was one of floor traders and stockbrokers, of opening bells and ticker symbols, of titans of industry and barbarians at the gate. These images reflected the prevailing view in which stock markets stood at the center of the financial universe. The high point of this equity-centric view coincided with the development of a significant body of empirical literature examining the efficient market hypothesis (EMH): the prediction that prices within an efficient stock market will fully incorporate all available information. Over time, this equity-centric view became conflated with these empirical findings, transforming the EMH in the eyes of many observers from a testable prediction about how rapidly new information is incorporated into stock prices into a more general--and generally unexamined--statement about the efficiency of financial markets. This Article examines the mechanisms of derivatives market efficiency. These mechanisms respond to information and other problems not generally encountered within conventional stock markets. These problems reflect important differences in the nature of derivatives contracts, the structure of the markets in which they trade, and the sources of market liquidity. Predictably, these problems have led to the emergence of very different mechanisms of market efficiency. This Article describes these problems and evaluates the likely effectiveness of the mechanisms of derivatives market efficiency. It then explores the implications of this evaluation in terms of the current policy debates around derivatives trade reporting and disclosure, the macroprudential surveillance of derivatives markets, the push toward mandatory central clearing of derivatives, the prudential regulation of derivatives dealers, and the optimal balance between public and private ordering