2,534 research outputs found
Volume 25, Number 1 - February 1947
Volume 25, Number 1 – February 1947. 58 pages including covers and advertisements. Editorial Doherty, R.E. The Beast O\u27Brien, John J. On Coffee Eagle, George L. A Stranger in Strasbourg Shanley, Joseph V. Reflections Doherty, R.E. Thoughts on New York Gnys, Edward L. Chaos Morrison, Coleman On Floorwalkers Eagle, George L. Moment of Vision Deasy, John Living History Fortin, Andrew G. Effects of Studying the Essayists Critiqu
Nonreciprocal Photon Transmission and Amplification via Reservoir Engineering
We discuss a general method for constructing nonreciprocal, cavity-based
photonic devices, based on matching a given coherent interaction with its
corresponding dissipative counterpart; our method generalizes the basic
structure used in the theory of cascaded quantum systems, and can render an
extremely wide class of interactions directional. In contrast to standard
interference-based schemes, our approach allows directional behavior over a
wide bandwidth. We show how it can be used to devise isolators and directional,
quantum-limited amplifiers. We discuss in detail how this general method allows
the construction of a directional, noise-free phase-sensitive amplifier that is
not limited by any fundamental gain-bandwidth constraint. Our approach is
particularly well-suited to implementations using superconducting microwave
circuits and optomechanical systems.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
A simple model of ultrasound propagation in a cavitating liquid. Part I: Theory, nonlinear attenuation and traveling wave generation
The bubbles involved in sonochemistry and other applications of cavitation
oscillate inertially. A correct estimation of the wave attenuation in such
bubbly media requires a realistic estimation of the power dissipated by the
oscillation of each bubble, by thermal diffusion in the gas and viscous
friction in the liquid. Both quantities and calculated numerically for a single
inertial bubble driven at 20 kHz, and are found to be several orders of
magnitude larger than the linear prediction. Viscous dissipation is found to be
the predominant cause of energy loss for bubbles small enough. Then, the
classical nonlinear Caflish equations describing the propagation of acoustic
waves in a bubbly liquid are recast and simplified conveniently. The main
harmonic part of the sound field is found to fulfill a nonlinear Helmholtz
equation, where the imaginary part of the squared wave number is directly
correlated with the energy lost by a single bubble. For low acoustic driving,
linear theory is recovered, but for larger drivings, namely above the Blake
threshold, the attenuation coefficient is found to be more than 3 orders of
magnitude larger then the linear prediction. A huge attenuation of the wave is
thus expected in regions where inertial bubbles are present, which is confirmed
by numerical simulations of the nonlinear Helmholtz equation in a 1D standing
wave configuration. The expected strong attenuation is not only observed but
furthermore, the examination of the phase between the pressure field and its
gradient clearly demonstrates that a traveling wave appears in the medium
Does game theory work? The bargaining challenge
Book description:
This volume brings together all of Ken Binmore's influential experimental papers on bargaining along with newly written commentary in which Binmore discusses the underlying game theory and addresses the criticism leveled at it by behavioral economists.
When Binmore began his experimental work in the 1980s, conventional wisdom held that game theory would not work in the laboratory, but Binmore and other pioneers established that game theory can often predict the behavior of experienced players very well in favorable laboratory settings. The case of human bargaining behavior is particularly challenging for game theory. Everyone agrees that human behavior in real-life bargaining situations is governed at least partly by considerations of fairness, but what happens in a laboratory when such fairness considerations supposedly conflict with game-theoretic predictions? Behavioral economists, who emphasize the importance of other-regarding or social preferences, sometimes argue that their findings threaten traditional game theory. Binmore disputes both their interpretations of their findings and their claims about what game theorists think it reasonable to predict.
Binmore's findings from two decades of game theory experiments have made a lasting contribution to economics. These papers—some coauthored with other leading economists, including Larry Samuelson, Avner Shaked, and John Sutton—show that game theory does indeed work in favorable laboratory environments, even in the challenging case of bargaining
Transport properties of a boundary-driven one-dimensional gas of spinless fermions
We analytically study a system of spinless fermions driven at the boundary
with an oscillating chemical potential. Various transport regimes can be
observed: at zero driving frequency the particle current through the system is
independent of the system's length; at the phase-transition frequency, being
equal to the bandwidth, the current decays as n^{-alpha} with the chain length
n, alpha being either 2 or 3; below the transition the scaling of the current
is n^{-1/2}, indicating anomalous transport, while it is exponentially small
exp{(-n/2xi)} above the transition. Therefore, by a simple change of frequency
of the a.c. driving one can vary transport from ballistic, anomalous, to
insulating.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
A simple model of ultrasound propagation in a cavitating liquid. Part II: Primary Bjerknes force and bubble structures
In a companion paper, a reduced model for propagation of acoustic waves in a
cloud of inertial cavitation bubbles was proposed. The wave attenuation was
calculated directly from the energy dissipated by a single bubble, the latter
being estimated directly from the fully nonlinear radial dynamics. The use of
this model in a mono-dimensional configuration has shown that the attenuation
near the vibrating emitter was much higher than predictions obtained from
linear theory, and that this strong attenuation creates a large traveling wave
contribution, even for closed domain where standing waves are normally
expected. In this paper, we show that, owing to the appearance of traveling
waves, the primary Bjerknes force near the emitter becomes very large and tends
to expel the bubbles up to a stagnation point. Two-dimensional axi-symmetric
computations of the acoustic field created by a large area immersed sonotrode
are also performed, and the paths of the bubbles in the resulting Bjerknes
force field are sketched. Cone bubble structures are recovered and compare
reasonably well to reported experimental results. The underlying mechanisms
yielding such structures is examined, and it is found that the conical
structure is generic and results from the appearance a sound velocity gradient
along the transducer area. Finally, a more complex system, similar to an
ultrasonic bath, in which the sound field results from the flexural vibrations
of a thin plate, is also simulated. The calculated bubble paths reveal the
appearance of other commonly observed structures in such configurations, such
as streamers and flare structures
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