114,286 research outputs found
Creating the Continuum: J. E. Wallace Wallin and the Role of Clinical Psychology in the Emergence of Public School Special Education in America
This paper reviews the history of the continuum of services in intellectual disability programs. The emergence of public school special education in the United States in the first two decades of the 20th century is used as a case study of this history by focusing on events and personalities connected to the St. Louis Public Schools. Using Annual Reports from the era along with the abundant publications and personal papers of J.E. Wallace Wallin, the author explores how the growing class of specialists in clinical psychology and psychometrics gained a foothold in the schools as educational gatekeepers for student placements along an increasingly elaborate âcontinuum of care.â The paper interprets this quest for professional legitimacy as a three-sided conversation with Wallin (and his colleagues) in the middle between the medical officers of institutions for the feeble-minded on the one hand, and the educators of urban school systems on the other. Implications for the current discussions of inclusive approaches to education are discussed
Evolution of Management and Investigations of Cerebrovascular Diseases in Croatia
The author presents the history of management of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Croatia since the beginning of medical health service in the country in the 19th and its evolution to the end of the 20th century. The foundation of the Zagreb School of Medicine in 1917 had paramount importance for the development of neurology, during the first period within the common specialty of neuropsychiatry. The interest for the CVD in Croatia became evident in the sixties of the past century, particularly when neurology has become a separate specialty in 1974. Fast progress in the field of CVD resulted from clinical applications of basic research and after discovery of risk factors in their occurrence. These advances and the appearance of a new medical specialty: intensive medicine, stimulated in Croatia the organization of the first Neurological Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in 1971. Clinical experience and investigations of the first neurological ICU stimulated this approach to CVD in other big hospitals in Croatia and in the surrounding countries. The results of new management were presented on national and international meetings, especially on 5 Zagreb Symposia on CVD. The concept of comprehensive care for CVD patients was promoted, as a continuum of prevention, early treatment â if necessary in the ICU, followed by modern rehabilitation. The described efforts were stopped due to the wars in the former Yugoslavia in the last decade of the 20th century. The process has been reinstated with new enthusiasm and new teams at the beginning of the 21st century after the postwar consolidation in Croatia and in the region
Locke's state of nature
Scholarly discussion has treated the account of the state of nature which Locke presents in his Second Treatise as neither an hypothesis nor a description but rather as a fiction. John Dunn, for example, claims that it is a 'theoretical analysis of the fundamental relations of right and duty which obtain between human beings, relations which are logically prior to the particular historical situations in which all actual human beings always in fact find themselves'. Here Dunn presents a misleading account of Locke's argument, presumably, as the title of his paper suggests, in order to mount an argument of his own about the 'political relevance' of Locke's work to a time when no one takes seriously the early modern idea of the state of nature. However, this article also has a more serious concern. I argue that the representation of the state of nature as a merely imaginary, 'theoretical analysis' of social relations obscures the significance of the early modern idea of a state of nature, not only for the work of Locke and his near contemporaries, but also, more importantly, for the broader development of western social and political thought. The idea of an original condition of freedom and equality played a central role in Locke's argument, serving as a means both to undermine the view that humans were born into a natural condition of subjection to the rule of others and to justify European expropriation of land in the Americas. It also represented one end of a developmental continuum, running from the original, most primitive, condition of humanity through to the societies of contemporary western Europe, which was thought to encompass all sections of humanity. While the idea of an original asocial condition on which this continuum was based was later brought into question, a closely related developmental framework nevertheless informed later movements in history and the social sciences. After being abandoned in its original form, this category was finally revived in 20th-century political theory, this time precisely in the form that Dunn mistakenly ascribes to Locke. The article concludes by speculating on the relationship between these normative and empirical perspectives on the state of nature
LAND, HISTORY AND IMAGINATION, OR REMARKS ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE NEW PATRIOTISM
Article will address the issue of changes in national identity in Poland in the 20th and 21st centuries. Issue will be considered with the importance of territory in the sense of manâs national identity â this will apply to territories which became a part of the Polish state aft er World War II: in particular, the lower Silesia. Th e main problem will be, therefore, the presence in the common consciousness concepts describing nationality in relation to the category of territory. Area of empirical research will be artefacts of mass culture â and specifi cally Polish popular literature resulting in the mentioned time
Heideggerian Marxism
An extended review of the English collection of Marcuse's essays and interviews on Heidegger that addresses the philosophical basis of a synthesis of Marx and Heidegger
Diskuse o evoluci mezi neo-lamarckismem a neo-darwinismem v ÄeskĂœch zemĂch
Studie se zabĂœvĂĄ tĂm, jak se v ÄeskĂœch zemĂch obrĂĄĆŸelo bouĆlivĂ© obdobĂ vĂœvoje biologickĂ©ho myĆĄlenĂ od pĆelomu 19. a 20. stoletĂ do prvnĂ svÄtovĂ© vĂĄlky, kdy vedle sebe existovaly velmi rĆŻznĂ© nĂĄzory na evoluci. Mnohovrstevnatost teoretickou pĆitom doplĆuje i kulturnĂ a vÄdeckĂĄ mnohovrstevnatost ÄeskĂœch zemĂ, kde se jednak mĂsĂ vlivy nÄmeckĂ© a ÄeskĂ© biologie na svĂœch autonomnĂch institucĂch, a jednak lze spatĆovat rozdĂly i mezi lokĂĄlnĂmi centry Prahou a Brnem se svĂœmi badatelskĂœmi tradicemi a nezĂĄvislĂœmi vazbami na dalĆĄĂ centra ve VĂdni a evropskĂœch univerzitĂĄch. Centrem zĂĄjmu jsou teoreticky uvaĆŸujĂcĂ biologovĂ©, kteĆĂ buÄ sami dlouhodobÄ profilovali ÄeskĂ© biologickĂ© myĆĄlenĂ, anebo na nÄj mÄli dĂky zdejĆĄĂmu pĆŻsobenĂ pĆĂmĂœ vliv. V letech ca 1900â1915 doĆĄlo k prvnĂmu otevĆenĂ©mu a diskutovanĂ©mu vrcholu v ÄeskĂ© recepci evolucionismu a pĆed jednoznaÄnĂœmi pozicemi a âvelkĂœmi teoriemiâ mĂĄ navrch spĂĆĄe prostĆedkovĂĄnĂ diferencovanĂ© zahraniÄnĂ diskuse, podnÄty vlastnĂ experimentĂĄlnĂ prĂĄce a opatrnĂ© oÄekĂĄvĂĄnĂ od novĂ©ho studia variability a dÄdiÄnosti
A Cauchy-Dirac delta function
The Dirac delta function has solid roots in 19th century work in Fourier
analysis and singular integrals by Cauchy and others, anticipating Dirac's
discovery by over a century, and illuminating the nature of Cauchy's
infinitesimals and his infinitesimal definition of delta.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures; Foundations of Science, 201
Black Praxis: The Trace of Jamesian Pragmatism in DuBoisian Scholar Activism
Philosophy and activism formed a mutualist relationship in regards to 20th-century Black American politics. Emancipatory theories undergirded the civil disobedience and reformist action of the entire century. W.E.B. DuBois, renowned African-American academic at the forefront of American and Pan-Africanist liberation movements, is often divorced from his originary philosophical roots. As he became the first Black PhD graduate of Harvard University, his mentor was philosopher and psychologist William James. James is the forefather of American Pragmatism, a school of thought still alive and dynamic in this day. DuBoisian scholars tend however to stress the German Idealist influences on DuBoisâs thought. Informed by protracted and ongoing theoretical and journalistic research, my project aims to locate the trace of Jamesian Pragmatism in DuBoisâs scholar activism. I argue that DuBoisâs struggles with Pragmatism engendered a way of thinking that resembles Marxist thought before DuBois ever went to Berlin. Further, DuBoisâs idealist revision of Jamesian logic informs his pre-NAACP activism with the Niagara Movement. All in all, my research shows how, despite his disagreements with his mentor, DuBois does not quite disavow pragmatism throughout this very political academic career.
This research was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and was guided by Dr. Scott Hancock of Gettysburg College\u27s History Department
Classicism, post-classicism and Ranjabati Sircarâs work: re-defining the terms of Indian contemporary dance discourses
This essay discusses contemporary dance in India foregrounding the link between dance and politics. The author proposes that contemporary dance in todayâs India can be seen as a continuum, under which is tension and rupture. It embraces on one hand, âclassicismâ- strictly speaking âneo-classicismâ - on the other, an ideological move away from this âclassicismâ, which constitutes itself into an heterogeneous movement motivated by a search for new dance languages. These new languages, growing out of âtraditional rootsâ (variously defined), claim to be sustained by the âclassicism â of Indian dance. This movement can be referred to, for convenience, as âpost-classicismâ; this âpost-classicismâis otherwise known as âContemporaryâ dance â with a capital c , in accordance with a western model. Dance in todayâs India, whether âclassicalâ or âpost-classicalâ is wholly entangled with the issue of an Indian religious and secular identity, increasingly dominated by a Hinduising discourse, and this informs the artistic choices of dance artists. The essay will discuss the work of Ranjabati Sircar, here seen as âpost-classicalâ, against this scenario, and will begin to reflect on the impact Ranjabati Sircarâs choreography and her cosmopolitanism has had on dance in contexts other than India, such as the British South Asian diaspora
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