155,068 research outputs found
Hierarchical Surface Prediction for 3D Object Reconstruction
Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks have shown promising results for 3D
geometry prediction. They can make predictions from very little input data such
as a single color image. A major limitation of such approaches is that they
only predict a coarse resolution voxel grid, which does not capture the surface
of the objects well. We propose a general framework, called hierarchical
surface prediction (HSP), which facilitates prediction of high resolution voxel
grids. The main insight is that it is sufficient to predict high resolution
voxels around the predicted surfaces. The exterior and interior of the objects
can be represented with coarse resolution voxels. Our approach is not dependent
on a specific input type. We show results for geometry prediction from color
images, depth images and shape completion from partial voxel grids. Our
analysis shows that our high resolution predictions are more accurate than low
resolution predictions.Comment: 3DV 201
Modeling and Optimal Design of Machining-Induced Residual Stresses in Aluminium Alloys Using a Fast Hierarchical Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm
The residual stresses induced during shaping and machining play an important role in determining the integrity and durability of metal components. An important issue of producing safety critical components is to find the machining parameters that create compressive surface stresses or minimise tensile surface stresses. In this paper, a systematic data-driven fuzzy modelling methodology is proposed, which allows constructing transparent fuzzy models considering both accuracy and interpretability attributes of fuzzy systems. The new method employs a hierarchical optimisation structure to improve the modelling efficiency, where two learning mechanisms cooperate together: NSGA-II is used to improve the model’s structure while the gradient descent method is used to optimise the numerical parameters. This hybrid approach is then successfully applied to the problem that concerns the prediction of machining induced residual stresses in aerospace aluminium alloys. Based on the developed reliable prediction models, NSGA-II is further applied to the multi-objective optimal design of aluminium alloys in a ‘reverse-engineering’ fashion. It is revealed that the optimal machining regimes to minimise the residual stress and the machining cost simultaneously can be successfully located
A Deep Multicolor Survey. VII. Extremely Red Objects and Galaxy Formation
Extremely Red Objects (EROs) offer a window to the universe at z~1 analogous
to that provided by the Lyman Break galaxies at z=3. Passive evolution and
hierarchical galaxy formation models make very distinct predictions for the K
(2.2um) surface density of galaxies at z~1 and EROs are a powerful constraint
on these theories. I present a study of nine resolved EROs with R-K>5.3 and
K<18 mag found in the 185 arcmin^2 of the Deep Multicolor Survey with
near-infrared imaging. Photometric redshifts for these galaxies shows they all
lie at z=0.8-1.3. The relatively blue J-K colors of these galaxies suggest that
most are old ellipticals, rather than dusty starbursts. The surface density of
EROs in this survey (>0.05 arcmin^-2), which is a lower limit to the total z~1
galaxy surface density, is an order of magnitude below the prediction of
passive galaxy evolution, yet over a factor of two higher than the hierarchical
galaxy formation prediction for a flat, matter-dominated universe. A flat,
Lambda-dominated universe may bring the hierarchical galaxy formation model
into agreement with the observed ERO surface density.Comment: AJ Accepted (May 2001). 16 pages with 2 embedded figure
A Hierarchical N-Gram Framework for Zero-Shot Link Prediction
Due to the incompleteness of knowledge graphs (KGs), zero-shot link
prediction (ZSLP) which aims to predict unobserved relations in KGs has
attracted recent interest from researchers. A common solution is to use textual
features of relations (e.g., surface name or textual descriptions) as auxiliary
information to bridge the gap between seen and unseen relations. Current
approaches learn an embedding for each word token in the text. These methods
lack robustness as they suffer from the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem.
Meanwhile, models built on character n-grams have the capability of generating
expressive representations for OOV words. Thus, in this paper, we propose a
Hierarchical N-Gram framework for Zero-Shot Link Prediction (HNZSLP), which
considers the dependencies among character n-grams of the relation surface name
for ZSLP. Our approach works by first constructing a hierarchical n-gram graph
on the surface name to model the organizational structure of n-grams that leads
to the surface name. A GramTransformer, based on the Transformer is then
presented to model the hierarchical n-gram graph to construct the relation
embedding for ZSLP. Experimental results show the proposed HNZSLP achieved
state-of-the-art performance on two ZSLP datasets.Comment: under revie
Hierarchical metamodeling: Cross validation and predictive uncertainty
At Esaform 2013 a hierarchical metamodeling approach had been presented, able to com- bine the results of numerical simulations and physical experiments into a unique response surface, which is a "fusion'' of both data sets. The method had been presented with respect to the structural optimization of a steel tube, filled with an aluminium foam, intended as an anti-intrusion bar. The prediction yielded by a conventional way of metamodeling the results of FEM simulations can be considered trustworthy only if the accuracy of numerical models have been thoroughly tested and the simulation parameters have been sufficiently calibrated. On the contrary, the main advantage of a hierarchical metamodel is to yield a reliable prediction of a response variable to be optimized, even in the presence of non-completely calibrated or accurate FEM models. In order to demonstrate these statements, in this paper the authors wish to compare the prediction ability of a "fusion'' metamodel based on under-calibrated simulations, with a conventional approach based on calibratedFEMresults. Both metamodels will be cross validated with a "leave-one-out'' technique, i.e. by excluding one ex- perimental observation at a time and assessing the predictive ability of the model. Furthermore, the paper will demonstrate how the hierarchical metamodel is able to provide not only an average esti- mated value for each excluded experimental observation, but also an estimation of uncertainty of the prediction of the average value
On the effect of preferential sampling in spatial prediction
The choice of the sampling locations in a spatial network is often guided by practical demands. In particular, many locations are preferentially chosen to capture high values of a response, for example, air pollution levels in environmental monitoring. Then, model estimation and prediction of the exposure surface become biased due to the selective sampling. Since prediction is often the main utility of the modeling, we suggest that the effect of preferential sampling lies more importantly in the resulting predictive surface than in parameter estimation. Our contribution is to offer a direct simulation-based approach to assessing the effects of preferential sampling. We compare two predictive surfaces over the study region, one originating from the notion of an ‘operating’ intensity driving the selection of monitoring sites, the other under complete spatial randomness. We can consider a range of response models. They may reflect the operating intensity, introduce alternative informative covariates, or just propose a flexible spatial model. Then, we can generate data under the given model. Upon fitting the model and interpolating (kriging), we will obtain two predictive surfaces to compare. It is important to note that we need suitable metrics to compare the surfaces and that the predictive surfaces are random, so we need to make expected comparisons
- …