3,174 research outputs found
Homomorphisms of binary Cayley graphs
A binary Cayley graph is a Cayley graph based on a binary group. In 1982,
Payan proved that any non-bipartite binary Cayley graph must contain a
generalized Mycielski graph of an odd-cycle, implying that such a graph cannot
have chromatic number 3. We strengthen this result first by proving that any
non-bipartite binary Cayley graph must contain a projective cube as a subgraph.
We further conjecture that any homo- morphism of a non-bipartite binary Cayley
graph to a projective cube must be surjective and we prove some special case of
this conjecture
The Lifting Properties of A-Homotopy Theory
In classical homotopy theory, two spaces are homotopy equivalent if one space
can be continuously deformed into the other. This theory, however, does not
respect the discrete nature of graphs. For this reason, a discrete homotopy
theory that recognizes the difference between the vertices and edges of a graph
was invented, called A-homotopy theory [1-5]. In classical homotopy theory,
covering spaces and lifting properties are often used to compute the
fundamental group of the circle. In this paper, we develop the lifting
properties for A-homotopy theory. Using a covering graph and these lifting
properties, we compute the fundamental group of the 5-cycle , giving an
alternate approach to [4].Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, updated version. Minor changes to the
introduction and clarification that the computation of the fundamental group
of the 5-cycle originally appeared in [4]. Title changed from "Computing
A-Homotopy Groups Using Coverings and Lifting Properties" to "The Lifting
Properties of A-Homotopy Theory
On Colorings of Graph Powers
In this paper, some results concerning the colorings of graph powers are
presented. The notion of helical graphs is introduced. We show that such graphs
are hom-universal with respect to high odd-girth graphs whose st power
is bounded by a Kneser graph. Also, we consider the problem of existence of
homomorphism to odd cycles. We prove that such homomorphism to a -cycle
exists if and only if the chromatic number of the st power of
is less than or equal to 3, where is the 2-subdivision of . We also
consider Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il's Pentagon problem. This problem is about the
existence of high girth cubic graphs which are not homomorphic to the cycle of
size five. Several problems which are closely related to Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il's
problem are introduced and their relations are presented
Sampling random graph homomorphisms and applications to network data analysis
A graph homomorphism is a map between two graphs that preserves adjacency
relations. We consider the problem of sampling a random graph homomorphism from
a graph into a large network . We propose two complementary
MCMC algorithms for sampling a random graph homomorphisms and establish bounds
on their mixing times and concentration of their time averages. Based on our
sampling algorithms, we propose a novel framework for network data analysis
that circumvents some of the drawbacks in methods based on independent and
neigborhood sampling. Various time averages of the MCMC trajectory give us
various computable observables, including well-known ones such as homomorphism
density and average clustering coefficient and their generalizations.
Furthermore, we show that these network observables are stable with respect to
a suitably renormalized cut distance between networks. We provide various
examples and simulations demonstrating our framework through synthetic
networks. We also apply our framework for network clustering and classification
problems using the Facebook100 dataset and Word Adjacency Networks of a set of
classic novels.Comment: 51 pages, 33 figures, 2 table
Lower Bounds for the Graph Homomorphism Problem
The graph homomorphism problem (HOM) asks whether the vertices of a given
-vertex graph can be mapped to the vertices of a given -vertex graph
such that each edge of is mapped to an edge of . The problem
generalizes the graph coloring problem and at the same time can be viewed as a
special case of the -CSP problem. In this paper, we prove several lower
bound for HOM under the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) assumption. The main
result is a lower bound .
This rules out the existence of a single-exponential algorithm and shows that
the trivial upper bound is almost asymptotically
tight.
We also investigate what properties of graphs and make it difficult
to solve HOM. An easy observation is that an upper
bound can be improved to where
is the minimum size of a vertex cover of . The second
lower bound shows that the upper bound is
asymptotically tight. As to the properties of the "right-hand side" graph ,
it is known that HOM can be solved in time and
where is the maximum degree of
and is the treewidth of . This gives
single-exponential algorithms for graphs of bounded maximum degree or bounded
treewidth. Since the chromatic number does not exceed
and , it is natural to ask whether similar
upper bounds with respect to can be obtained. We provide a negative
answer to this question by establishing a lower bound for any
function . We also observe that similar lower bounds can be obtained for
locally injective homomorphisms.Comment: 19 page
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