20 research outputs found
Recursive cubes of rings as models for interconnection networks
We study recursive cubes of rings as models for interconnection networks. We
first redefine each of them as a Cayley graph on the semidirect product of an
elementary abelian group by a cyclic group in order to facilitate the study of
them by using algebraic tools. We give an algorithm for computing shortest
paths and the distance between any two vertices in recursive cubes of rings,
and obtain the exact value of their diameters. We obtain sharp bounds on the
Wiener index, vertex-forwarding index, edge-forwarding index and bisection
width of recursive cubes of rings. The cube-connected cycles and cube-of-rings
are special recursive cubes of rings, and hence all results obtained in the
paper apply to these well-known networks
Performance of Averaging Algorithms in Time-Varying Networks
We study averaging algorithms in time-varying networks, and means tomeasure their performance. We present sufficient conditions on these algorithms, which ensure they lead to computation at each node, of the global average of measurements provided by each node in the network. Further, we present and use results from ergodic theory to define an accurate performance metric for averaging algorithms. This metric, the contraction coefficient, differs from previously used metrics such as the second largest eigenvalue of the expected weighting matrix, which gives an approximation of the real convergence rate only in some special cases which are hard to specify. On the other hand, the contraction coefficient as set forth herein characterizes exactly the actual asymptotic convergence rate of the system. Additionally, it may be bounded by a very concise formula, and simulations show that this bound is, at least in all studied cases, reasonably tight so as to be used as an approximation to the actual contraction coefficient. Finally, we provide a few results and observations which make use of the derived tools. These observations may be used to find new optima for design parameters of some averaging algorithms, and also open the door to new problems in the study of the underlying mathematical models
Behaviour monitoring: investigation of local and distributed approaches
Nowadays, the widespread availability of cheap and eļ¬cient unmanned systems (either aerial, ground or surface) has led to signiļ¬cant opportunities in the ļ¬eld of remote sensing and automated monitoring. On the one hand, the deļ¬nition of eļ¬cient approaches to information collection, ļ¬ltering and fusion has been the focus of extremely relevant research streams over the last decades. On the other hand, far less attention has been given to the problem of āinterpretingā the data, thus implementing inference processes able to, e.g., spot anomalies and possible threats in the monitored scenario. It is easy to understand how the automation of the ātarget assessmentā process could bring a great impact on monitoring applications since it would allow sensibly alleviating the analysis burden for human operators. To this end, the research project proposed in this thesis addresses the problem of behaviour assessment leading to the identiļ¬cation of targets that exhibit features āof interestā.
Firstly, this thesis has addressed the problem of distributed target assessment based on behavioural and contextual features. The assessment problem is analysed making reference to a layered structure and a possible implementation approach for the middle-layer has been proposed. An extensive analysis of the āfeatureā concept is provided, together with considerations about the target assessment process. A case study considering a road-traļ¬c monitoring application is then introduced, suggesting a possible implementation for a set of features related to this particular scenario. The distributed approach has been implemented employing a consensus protocol, which allows achieving agreement about high-level, non-measurable, characteristics of the monitored vehicles. Two diļ¬erent techniques, āBeliefā and āAverageā consensus, for distributed target assessment based on features are ļ¬nally presented, enabling the comparison of consensus eļ¬ects when implemented at diļ¬erent level of the considered conceptual hierarchy.
Then, the problem of identifying targets concerning features is tackled using a diļ¬erent approach: a probabilistic description is adopted for the target characteristics of interest and a hypothesis testing technique is applied to the feature probability density functions. Such approach is expected to allow discerning whether a given vehicle is a target of
interest or not. The assessment process introduced is also able to account for information about the context of the vehicle, i.e. the environment where it moves or is operated. In so doing the target assessment process can be eļ¬ectively adapted to the contour conditions. Results from simulations involving a road monitoring scenario are presented, considering both synthetic and real-world data.
Lastly, the thesis addresses the problem of manoeuvre recognition and behaviour anomalies detection for generic targets through pattern matching techniques. This problem is analysed considering motor vehicles in a multi-lane road scenario. The proposed approach, however, can be easily extended to signiļ¬cantly diļ¬erent monitoring contexts. The overall proposed solution consists in a trajectory analysis tool, which classiļ¬es the target position over time into a sequence of ādriving modesā, and a string-matching technique. This classiļ¬cation allows, as result of two diļ¬erent approaches, detecting both a priori deļ¬ned patterns of interest and general behaviours standing out from those regularly exhibited from the monitored targets. Regarding the pattern matching process, two techniques are introduced and compared: a basic approach based on simple strings and a newly proposed method based on āregular expressionsā. About reference patterns, a technique for the automatic deļ¬nition of a dictionary of regular expressions matching the commonly observed target manoeuvres is presented. Its assessment results are then compared to those of a classic multi-layered neural network.
In conclusion, this thesis proposes some novel approaches, both local and distributed, for the identiļ¬cation of the ātargets of interestā within a multi-target scenario. Such assessment is solely based on the behaviour actually exhibited by a target and does not involve any speciļ¬c knowledge about the targets (analytic dynamic models, previous data, signatures of any type, etc.), being thus easily applicable to diļ¬erent scenarios and target types. For all the novel approaches described in the thesis, numerical results from simulations are reported: these results, in all the cases, conļ¬rm the eļ¬ectiveness of the proposed techniques, even if they appear to be open to interpretation because of the inherent subjectivity of the assessment process