5 research outputs found
A survey of flooding, gossip routing, and related schemes for wireless multi- hop networks
Flooding is an essential and critical service in computer networks that is
used by many routing protocols to send packets from a source to all nodes in
the network. As the packets are forwarded once by each receiving node, many
copies of the same packet traverse the network which leads to high redundancy
and unnecessary usage of the sparse capacity of the transmission medium.
Gossip routing is a well-known approach to improve the flooding in wireless
multi-hop networks. Each node has a forwarding probability p that is either
statically per-configured or determined by information that is available at
runtime, e.g, the node degree. When a packet is received, the node selects a
random number r. If the number r is below p, the packet is forwarded and
otherwise, in the most simple gossip routing protocol, dropped. With this
approach the redundancy can be reduced while at the same time the reachability
is preserved if the value of the parameter p (and others) is chosen with
consideration of the network topology. This technical report gives an overview
of the relevant publications in the research domain of gossip routing and
gives an insight in the improvements that can be achieved. We discuss the
simulation setups and results of gossip routing protocols as well as further
improved flooding schemes. The three most important metrics in this
application domain are elaborated: reachability, redundancy, and management
overhead. The published studies used simulation environments for their
research and thus the assumptions, models, and parameters of the simulations
are discussed and the feasibility of an application for real world wireless
networks are highlighted. Wireless mesh networks based on IEEE 802.11 are the
focus of this survey but publications about other network types and
technologies are also included. As percolation theory, epidemiological models,
and delay tolerant networks are often referred as foundation, inspiration, or
application of gossip routing in wireless networks, a brief introduction to
each research domain is included and the applicability of the particular
models for the gossip routing is discussed
Connectivity Investigation of Channel Quality-Based Adaptive Gossip Flooding Mechanism for AODV
To address the “broadcast storm” problem associated with flooding-based route discovery mechanism of reactive routing protocols, probabilistic approaches are suggested in the literature. In the earlier work, Gossip flooding mechanism of Haas et.al. was extended with signal quality, to propose channel quality based adaptive gossip flooding mechanism for AODV (CQAG-AODV). Following the cross-layer design principle, CQAG-AODV algorithm tried to discover robust routes, as well as address the “broadcast storm” problem by controlling the rebroadcast probability of Route request (RREQ) packets on the basis of signal strength experienced at the physical layer. This paper investigates the connectivity of CQAG-AODV through theoretical and simulation analysis. Results show that, by accounting the signal strength in the route discovery process, not only does the proposed algorithm floods a lesser number of route requests and controls the broadcast storm, but also maintains a higher level of connectivity to offer high packet delivery ratio; independent of network density and node mobility. Moreover, due to controlled routing overhead and robust route discovery, channel quality based adaptive flooding mechanism offers fringe benefit of energy efficiency as well. CQAG-AODV thus proves its suitability in a variety of use cases of multi-hop ad hoc networks including WSNs and VANETs
Research on Dynamic Routing Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks
WirelessHART is the most widely applied standard in wireless sensor networks nowadays. However, it does not provide any dynamic routing mechanism, which is important for the reliability and robustness of the wireless network applications. In this paper, a collection tree protocol based, dynamic routing mechanism was proposed for WirelessHART network. The dynamic routing mechanism was evaluated through several simulation experiments in three aspects: time for generating the topology, link quality, and stability of network. Besides, the data transmission efficiency of this routing mechanism was analyzed. The simulation and evaluation results show that this mechanism can act as a dynamic routing mechanism for the TDMA-based wireless sensor network
Efficient Probabilistic Information Broadcast Algorithm over Random Geometric Topologies
International audience—This paper studies reliability of probabilistic gossip algorithms over the random geometric topologies which model ad hoc networks. We propose an efficient algorithm that ensures higher reliability at lower message complexity than the three families of gossip algorithms. Such an improvement is reasonably estimated by our reliability model. The results obtained by OMNET++ simulator confirm the prediction that our algorithm is the best choice for random geometric networks
Comparaisons équitables des algorithmes de gossip sur les topologies aléatoires à grande-échelle
National audienceCet article compare les performances des trois grandes familles de protocoles probabilistes de dissémination d'informations (gossip) exécutées sur trois graphes aléatoires. Les trois graphes représentent les topologies typiques des réseaux à grande-échelle : le graphe de Bernoulli (ou Erdos-Rényi), le graphe géométrique aléatoire et le graphe scale-free. Nous proposons un nou- veau paramètre générique : le fanout effectif. Pour une topologie et un algorithme donnés, le fanout effectif caractérise la puissance moyenne de la dissémination des sites. Il permet l'analyse précise du comportement d'un algorithme sur une topologie. De plus, il simplifie la comparaison théorique des différents algorithmes sur une topologie. En s'appuyant sur les résultats obtenus par les expérimentations dans le simulateur OMNET++, qui exploitent le fanout effectif, nous étudions l'impact des topologies et les algorithmes sur les performances. Nous suggérons également une façon de les combiner afin d'obtenir le meilleur gain en termes de fiabilité