ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI PENANGKAR BENIH PADI (ORYZA SATIVA L.) DI KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN

The existence of seed breeder farmers is one of the efforts to increase the availability of rice seeds which is very limited. Therefore, some rice seed breeder farmers start seed businesses either using their own capital for developing their private businesses or using facilities provided by the government. In Simalungun regency, the seed breeder farmers are divided into two groups i.e. fostered and independent seed breeders. Data was analyzed using a qualitative approach, income analysis, normality test, t test and F test. The normality test values showed that the value of Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z was 0.368>0.05 indicating that the data are normally distributed. The income between the two groups was significantly different based on the F test which F-value>F-table. Based on the t test, the income of the fostered seed breeder was lower than its counterpart. Keywords: Income Difference, Seed Breeder and Simalungun

Plant Biodiversity and Genetic Resources

The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of plant biodiversity and genetic resources, including definitions, descriptions, and illustrations of different components and their value for food and nutrition security, breeding, and environmental services. Furthermore, comprehensive information is provided regarding conservation approaches and techniques for plant genetic resources, policy aspects, and results of biological, genetic, morphological, economic, social, and breeding-related research activities. The complexity and vulnerability of (plant) biodiversity and its inherent genetic resources, as an integral part of the contextual ecosystem and the human web of life, are clearly demonstrated in this Special Issue, and for several encountered problems and constraints, possible approaches or solutions are presented to overcome these

Nutritional quality and digestibility of maize hybrid plants for silage. Life sciences in dialogue of generations: connections between universities, academia and business

In order to assess the silage potential of maize hybrids, the nutritional quality and the enzymatic in vitro digestibility of five local maize hybrids (ZP 707, ZP 7357, ZP 7072, ZP 7777, and ZP 6263) was tested in the laboratory of the Group for Food Technology and Biochemistry of the Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje". The hybrids were grown at a total of four locations, one in Srem (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina) and three in Central Serbia. The hybrid 7001 was used as a standard. The selection of hybrids for this research was made on the basis of the actuality of individual hybrids and the market orientation of the Maize Research Institute. The following properties were investigated: dry matter content, lignocellulose fiber content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of the whole plant. According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that hybrids ZP 707, ZP 7357, followed by ZP 7777 proved to be the maize genotypes highly preferable for the production of silage. All tested hybrids achieved better results than the standard in most locations. Hybrid ZP 707 on average had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (61.43 ± 1.86%), as well as the lowest content of all lignocellulosic fibers (NDF-52.76%, ADF-24.40%, ADL-2.58, hemicellulose-28.36, and cellulose-21.82%), which all indicates its potential as a silage maize form suitable for cultivation in different agro-ecological conditions. In terms of digestibility and dry matter content, the ZP 707 hybrid can be singled out as the most stable, i.e. it is appropriate for growing both in lowland areas and at higher altitudes. ZP 6263 proved to be the most inferior hybrid at most locations, while based on in vitro digestibility and dry matter content, ZP 7072 hybrid varied the most. The digestibility of the whole plant was negatively affected by the higher content of primarily lignin (ADL), followed by ADF and cellulose fraction share. Although it is optimal to harvest silage maize in the waxy maturity stage of grain ripeness, when the dry matter content of the whole plant is in the range between 30 and 35%, the harvest time in some hybrids in some locations was significantly exceeded, which affected the results of dry matter digestibility. The findings obtained in this study can be highly useful for future breeding programs directed toward creating new and improved silage maize hybrids

Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change

This book presents reviews on the application of the technology for crop improvement towards food and nutrition security, and research status on mutation breeding and associated biotechnologies in both seed crops and vegetatively propagated crops. It also presents perspectives on the significance of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics in determining the molecular variants underlying mutations and on emerging biotechnologies such as gene editing. Reviews and articles are organized into five sections in the publication: (1) Contribution of Crop Mutant Varieties to Food Security; (2) Mutation Breeding in Crop Improvement and Climate-Change Adaptation; (3) Mutation Induction Techniques for Enhanced Genetic Variation; (4) Mutation Breeding in Vegetatively Propagated and Ornamental Crops; and (5) Induced Genetic Variation for Crop Improvement in the Genomic Era. The contents of this volume present excellent reference material for researchers, students and policy makers involved in the application of induced genetic variation in plants for the maintenance of biodiversity and the acceleration of crop adaptation to climate change to feed a growing global population in the coming years and decades.illustrato

Biocultural Restoration in Hawaiʻi

Biocultural restoration is a process by which the various connections between humanity and nature, as well as between People and Place are revived to restore the health and function of social-ecological systems. This collection explores the subject of biocultural restoration and does so within the context of Hawaiʻi, the most remote archipelago on the planet. The Hawaiian Renaissance, which started in the 1970s, has led to a revival of Hawaiian language, practices, philosophy, spirituality, knowledge systems, and systems of resource management. Many of the leading Indigenous and local scholars of Hawaiʻi who were born into the time of the Hawaiian Renaissance contributed to this collection. More than a third of the authors are of Indigenous Hawaiian ancestry; each paper had at least one Indigenous Hawaiian author, and several papers had a Hawaiian lead author, making this the largest collection to date of scientific publications authored by Indigenous Hawaiians (Kānaka ʻŌiwi). In addition, the majority of authors are women, and two of the papers had 100 percent authorship by women. This collection represents a new emphasis in applied participatory research that involves academics, government agencies, communities and both private and non-profit sectors

Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field: Proceedings of the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium

plant genetics; plant genomics; agricultur