Experimental studies on Biogas Production and Its Utilization in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine Run on Dual Fuel Mode

Biodiesel is considered as one of the potential liquid alternative fuels in many countries in the world. It is produced from edible and non-edible oils, animal fat, and algae by the transesterification process. In India, Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) a non-edible oil seed is considered as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. The de-oiled cakes of Karanja seed obtained from expeller units are of no use, and are disposed in the open. The disposal of such non edible oil cake in the open and land fill generates various anthropogenic gases, and may increase the global warming potential (GWP). The organic matters contained in these de-oiled cakes can be converted to useful energy by adopting a proper waste-to-energy conversion process. Hence, an attempt was made in this investigation to use the Karanja seed cake (SCK) as a potential feedstock for producing biogas by anaerobic digestion, and the produced biogas was proposed as an alternative fuel for CI engines. Initially, biogas was produced from four different proportions of SCK mixed with cattle dung (CD) in small scale rectors, to study the different parameters effecting the biogas production. The SCK-CD was mixed in the proportion of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 in percentage on a mass basis, and the mixtures were denoted as S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively. Important parameters, such as the pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) were evaluated and analyzed. The results indicated that the sample S3 gave the best result, in comparison with the other samples, and the methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) contents in the biogas were found to be about 73% and 17% respectively. The sample S3 was chosen for producing biogas in a large scale floating drum digester. The biogas obtained from the floating drum digester was stored in a gas bag and then characterized for its physiochemical properties, to ensure its application as a gaseous alternative fuel for CI engine

ECOS 2012

The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology

ECOS 2010 Volume II (Biomass & Renewable)

ECOS2010 - 23rd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, June 14-17 2010, Lausanne, Switzerland Ecoefficiency and renewable energy for a sustainable world + Developments, application and teaching of methods in: - Basic and applied thermodynamics - Thermoeconomics and environomics - Simulation, improvement and optimization of energy conversion systems - Process design, analysis and integration of thermal and chemical systems - Diagnostic and control of thermal systems - Environmental impact and sustainability of energy systems + Relevant physical systems - Conventional and advanced power plants - Polygeneration and District heating/cooling systems - New technologies in heat pumps, refrigeration and air conditioning - New technologies for electricity (co)generation - Industrial process plants - Energy storage - Carbon Capture and Storage - Hydrogen and natural gas technologies - Biomass conversion systems - Energy conversion systems for transportation - Water Desalination and Treatment + Focus points - Technology, environmental and economical aspects of biofuels and other renewable energies (biomass, geothermal, thermal solar) - Fuel cells systems - Heat pumps and Organic Rankine Cycle

2009 Annual Progress Report: DOE Hydrogen Program

This report summarizes the hydrogen and fuel cell R&D activities and accomplishments of the DOE Hydrogen Program for FY2009. It covers the program areas of hydrogen production and delivery; fuel cells; manufacturing; technology validation; safety, codes and standards; education; and systems analysis

Technology 2001: The Second National Technology Transfer Conference and Exposition, volume 2

Proceedings of the workshop are presented. The mission of the conference was to transfer advanced technologies developed by the Federal government, its contractors, and other high-tech organizations to U.S. industries for their use in developing new or improved products and processes. Volume two presents papers on the following topics: materials science, robotics, test and measurement, advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, electronics, and software engineering

Aeronautical Engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 182)

This bibliography lists 475 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in December 1984