3,243 research outputs found
Resolving the Raven Paradox: Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling, and Inference to the Best Explanation
Simple random sampling resolutions of the raven paradox relevantly diverge from scientific practice. We develop a stratified random sampling model, yielding a better fit and apparently rehabilitating simple random sampling as a legitimate idealization. However, neither accommodates a second concern, the objection from potential bias. We develop a third model that crucially invokes causal considerations, yielding a novel resolution that handles both concerns. This approach resembles Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) and relates the generalization’s confirmation to confirmation of an associated law. We give it an objective Bayesian formalization and discuss the compatibility of Bayesianism and IBE
Quantum Hall Ground States, Binary Invariants, and Regular Graphs
Extracting meaningful physical information out of a many-body wavefunction is
often impractical. The polynomial nature of fractional quantum Hall (FQH)
wavefunctions, however, provides a rare opportunity for a study by virtue of
ground states alone. In this article, we investigate the general properties of
FQH ground state polynomials. It turns out that the data carried by an FQH
ground state can be essentially that of a (small) directed graph/matrix. We
establish a correspondence between FQH ground states, binary invariants and
regular graphs and briefly introduce all the necessary concepts. Utilizing
methods from invariant theory and graph theory, we will then take a fresh look
on physical properties of interest, e.g. squeezing properties, clustering
properties, etc. Our methodology allows us to `unify' almost all of the
previously constructed FQH ground states in the literature as special cases of
a graph-based class of model FQH ground states, which we call \emph{accordion}
model FQH states
Regularization and Model Selection with Categorial Effect Modifiers
The case of continuous effect modifiers in varying-coefficient models has been well investigated. Categorial effect modifiers, however, have been largely neglected. In this paper a regularization technique is proposed that allows for selection of covariates and fusion of categories of categorial effect modifiers in a linear model. It is distinguished between nominal and ordinal variables, since for the latter more economic parametrizations are warranted. The proposed methods are illustrated and investigated in simulation studies and real world data evaluations. Moreover, some asymptotic properties are derived
Explicit combinatorial interpretation of Kerov character polynomials as numbers of permutation factorizations
We find an explicit combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of Kerov
character polynomials which express the value of normalized irreducible
characters of the symmetric groups S(n) in terms of free cumulants R_2,R_3,...
of the corresponding Young diagram. Our interpretation is based on counting
certain factorizations of a given permutation
Non-Market Valuation and the Household
The purpose of this paper is to describe the implications of the collective model of household behavior for the methods used to estimate the economic value of non-marketed environmental resources. The effects of public good and risk are considered, along with revealed and stated preference methods. To the extent the collective framework is adopted, then recover of individual preferences from household behavior requires distinguishing how preference and within household income allocations affect choices.
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