Routledge as a global publisher: A case study, 1980-2010

A case study of the commercial history of the academic publishing company, Routledge, between 1980 and 2010, with a focus on its global activities and structures. During this period, Routledge experienced changes in ownership, branding and location as well as in its subject disciplines and publishing formats. The company was also an early and continuing innovator in digital publishing. The study presents findings drawn from interviews with past and current managers, and supporting content analysis of documents and web pages. It concludes by identifying the continuities that underlay the many changes in academic publishing over the period, and by suggesting possible future research, including to test the explanatory value of Ohmae’s theories of globalization

An investigation into the practicality of using a digital camera\u27s raw data in print publishing applications

RAW file formats were introduced to the photography industry more than five years ago. However, not much information about their functionality, capabilities, or advantages in different situations has been made available. Some digital camera users are not aware of their existence and, if they were, they would not know what to do with them. RAW file formats functions are viewed as a concern of the professional photographer and not of the average user (Fraser, 2005). RAW file formats are unprocessed digital image data ? the type available from many current digital cameras. There is no standard RAW format. Each camera captures RAW data in a proprietary fashion. Thus, special camera-specific software is needed to access the RAW files. The widely used TIFF and JPEG file formats are processed within the camera right after shooting each image. TIFF files are uncompressed and therefore large. JPEG files are spatially compressed and smaller than TIFF files for images with the equivalent number of pixels. RAW file formats contain all the original data, uncompressed, with no adjustments to image sharpness, white balance, contrast, and saturation, but they are incomplete as images because they need to be processed using either proprietary software provided by the digital camera manufacturer or other software such as Adobe? Photoshop? CS. This study addresses the following research question: What is the real value, if any, of RAW file formats in magazine publishing? The author?s intention was to learn about RAW file formats and what is currently being claimed about their advantages and disadvantages. Photographing using RAW formats is like photographing with negative film, only in digital form. Using RAW formats is much like preserving the analog format workflow, where after all of the images are captured on film, the film is sent out for developing before we can see the image. Using RAW files is similar to this process, but it is done by the photographer using a computer and not a film-processing machine. To do this the photographer or processor needs software that can interpret the RAW format image. Research Method This research was exploratory in nature. Information was gathered from experts who have experimented with RAW file formats, who have had direct involvement with digital photography technology, and who have sought to discover its capabilities and its practicality in the real world. This thesis also discusses topics such as the various types of digital cameras suitable for publishing work. This study involved collecting data from interview sessions. Interviews were conducted with eight experts in the field of photography and publishing at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). (Interview questions are listed in Appendix I). Data analysis was based on information gathered during these interviews. From the collected information, a list was created of the potential advantages of Camera RAW workflows in magazine publishing applications. The conclusion addresses possible advantages, as well as the practicality of using Camera RAW data in magazine publishing applications. A set of guidelines for future Camera RAW workflow users is also provided. Conclusion Based on the findings from the interviews, it is concluded that RAW file format usage is currently impractical in the magazine publishing environment. The RAW workflow would not be practical for photojournalism, where speed is more important than the quality of the image. Time, cost, and demands from clients contribute to these changes. Because there is no standard RAW format and because the photographer must spend extra time to process the images, the RAW workflow does not address the needs of magazine publishing. It might be practical to use in the future, after the RAW format has been standardized, and the RAW workflow has been perfected. Endnotes for Abstract Fraser, B. (2005). Real World Camera Raw with Adobe? Photoshop? CS. California: Peachpit Press

Notes from the Editor

RIME marks another step in the grand experiment of on-line research publishing—an idea that is gaining stature in academic circles with the advent of quality journals. While on-line research reporting formats will probably never subsume print journals (I can detect a future music education historian quoting me here), RIME was founded with the premise that there is indeed room for a quality web-based music education research journal

Effectively incorporating selected multimedia content into medical publications

Until fairly recently, medical publications have been handicapped by being restricted to non-electronic formats, effectively preventing the dissemination of complex audiovisual and three-dimensional data. However, authors and readers could significantly profit from advances in electronic publishing that permit the inclusion of multimedia content directly into an article. For the first time, the de facto gold standard for scientific publishing, the portable document format (PDF), is used here as a platform to embed a video and an audio sequence of patient data into a publication. Fully interactive three-dimensional models of a face and a schematic representation of a human brain are also part of this publication. We discuss the potential of this approach and its impact on the communication of scientific medical data, particularly with regard to electronic and open access publications. Finally, we emphasise how medical teaching can benefit from this new tool and comment on the future of medical publishing

Innovating the scenario of scientific publishing in design: designing “living publications”

This article presents an ongoing research project aiming at innovating the modalities and formats of scientific and academic publication of design research. The digital transformation and the open access paradigm have a considerable impact on the circulation of high-quality scientific production at global level: the challenge is to achieve innovative forms of authoritative, high-impact and effective scholarly communication, pursued with a multiscale and mixed media strategy, in order to guarantee an extended impact, while maintaining rigour and authority. In this context the scientific publication of design is taking on new forms and objectives too, so the design discipline can be a pivotal field for the experimentation and discussion of new scientific publication formats for scientific research. The article presents the proposal of Living Publications, that, stemming from a case studies research, supports the envisioning of future scenarios of scientific publishing and the development of the features of an experimental prototype in the design domain

The Durham Statement on Open Access One Year Later: Preservation and Access to Legal Scholarship

The Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship calls for US law schools to stop publishing their journals in print format and to rely instead on electronic publication with a commitment to keep the electronic versions available in “stable, open, digital formats.” The Statement asks for two things: 1) open access publication of law school-published journals; and 2) an end to print publication of law journals. This paper was written as background for a July 2010 American Association of Law Libraries conference program on the preservation implications of the call to end print publication

The Durham Statement Two Years Later: Open Access in the Law School Journal Environment

The Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship, drafted by a group of academic law library directors, was promulgated in February 2009. It calls for two things: (1) open access publication of law school–published journals; and (2) an end to print publication of law journals, coupled with a commitment to keeping the electronic versions available in “stable, open, digital formats.” The two years since the Statement was issued have seen increased publication of law journals in openly available electronic formats, but little movement toward all-electronic publication. This article discusses the issues raised by the Durham Statement, the current state of law journal publishing, and directions forward

Why Print and Electronic Resources Are Essential to the Academic Law Library

Libraries have supported multiple formats for decades, from paper and microforms to audiovisual tapes and CDs. However, the newest medium, digital transmission, has presented a wider scope of challenges and caused library patrons to question the established and recognized multiformat library. Within the many questions posed, two distinct ones echo repeatedly. The first doubts the need to sustain print in an increasingly digital world, and the second warns of the dangers of relying on a still-developing technology. This article examines both of these positions and concludes that abandoning either format would translate into a failure of service to patrons, both present and future

Encoding models for scholarly literature

We examine the issue of digital formats for document encoding, archiving and publishing, through the specific example of "born-digital" scholarly journal articles. We will begin by looking at the traditional workflow of journal editing and publication, and how these practices have made the transition into the online domain. We will examine the range of different file formats in which electronic articles are currently stored and published. We will argue strongly that, despite the prevalence of binary and proprietary formats such as PDF and MS Word, XML is a far superior encoding choice for journal articles. Next, we look at the range of XML document structures (DTDs, Schemas) which are in common use for encoding journal articles, and consider some of their strengths and weaknesses. We will suggest that, despite the existence of specialized schemas intended specifically for journal articles (such as NLM), and more broadly-used publication-oriented schemas such as DocBook, there are strong arguments in favour of developing a subset or customization of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) schema for the purpose of journal-article encoding; TEI is already in use in a number of journal publication projects, and the scale and precision of the TEI tagset makes it particularly appropriate for encoding scholarly articles. We will outline the document structure of a TEI-encoded journal article, and look in detail at suggested markup patterns for specific features of journal articles

Print or Perish? Authors’ Attitudes Toward Electronic-Only Publication of Law Journals

An increasing number of U.S. law journals post at least current issues in freely accessible PDF and (in some cases) HTML formats on their web sites. Yet, perhaps without exception, the journals that make their articles freely available on their websites also continue to publish print issues in the face of declining subscription numbers, and law libraries\u27 growing disinterest in collecting and preserving journals in print. As universities reduce staff, freeze open positions, eliminate salary increases, and cut library budgets, why have law schools continued to subsidize print publication of journals that are accessible in electronic formats? Among the reasons suggested for this is the possible impact on a journals reputation and ability to attract authors if it moved to electronic-only publication. This paper reports on the results of a survey of law journal authors\u27 attitudes toward electronic-only law journals