Discontinuous Galerkin finite element approximation of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems II: Strongly monotone quasi-Newtonian flows

In this article we develop both the a priori and a posteriori error analysis of hp–version interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for strongly monotone quasi-Newtonian fluid flows in a bounded Lipschitz domain $\Omega \subset R^{d}, d$ = 2,3. In the latter case, computable upper and lower bounds on the error are derived in terms of a natural energy norm which are explicit in the local mesh size and local polynomial degree of the approximating finite element method. A series of numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed a posteriori error indicators within an automatic hp–adaptive refinement algorithm

The DPG-star method

This article introduces the DPG-star (from now on, denoted DPG$^*$) finite element method. It is a method that is in some sense dual to the discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (DPG) method. The DPG methodology can be viewed as a means to solve an overdetermined discretization of a boundary value problem. In the same vein, the DPG$^*$ methodology is a means to solve an underdetermined discretization. These two viewpoints are developed by embedding the same operator equation into two different saddle-point problems. The analyses of the two problems have many common elements. Comparison to other methods in the literature round out the newly garnered perspective. Notably, DPG$^*$ and DPG methods can be seen as generalizations of $\mathcal{L}\mathcal{L}^\ast$ and least-squares methods, respectively. A priori error analysis and a posteriori error control for the DPG$^*$ method are considered in detail. Reports of several numerical experiments are provided which demonstrate the essential features of the new method. A notable difference between the results from the DPG$^*$ and DPG analyses is that the convergence rates of the former are limited by the regularity of an extraneous Lagrange multiplier variable