Fuel quality-processing study. Volume 2: Literature survey

The validity of initial assumptions about raw materials choices and relevant upgrading processing options was confirmed. The literature survey also served to define the on-site (at the turbine location) options for fuel treatment and exhaust gas treatment. The literature survey also contains a substantial compilation of specification and physical property information about liquid fuel products relevant to industrial gas turbines

Working paper 27: Fuel treatment longevity.

Dry forests of the western United States have been altered by long-term fire exclusion, resulting in a more dense forest structure and an increased risk of crown fire. Recently, thinning and prescribed fire treatments have been implemented in these forests for two main reasons: ecological restoration and fire hazard reduction. Ecological restoration is a holistic endeavor that focuses on restoring ecological patterns, processes, and functions. Ecological restoration goals often include restoring the process of fire to forested ecosystems and changing forest structure to fall within the historical range of variability as indicated by reference information. While fire hazard reduction is often a goal or an outcome of ecological restoration, not all treatments specifically designed to reduce fuels also restore ecosystem patterns, processes, and functions (Reinhardt et al. 2008). Fire hazard reduction treatments are designed specifically to reduce fire intensity, reduce fire severity, and increase the ability of firefighters to control wildfires (Table 1). Fuel treatments are common and are generally regarded as beneficial for reducing fire behavior, as well as for ecological reasons such as increasing understory diversity and reducing competition among trees for nutrients and water. What remains unclear is how long such fuel treatments are effective in reducing undesirable fire behavior. This working paper addresses the following management questions regarding fuel treatment longevity: What factors influence fuel treatment longevity? How long will fuel treatments last before sites need to be retreated? Do some types of treatments last longer than others

Comparing the effects of fuel treatment layouts in fragmenting large contiguous fuel patches under different fire duration assumptions

Includes bibliographical references (pages 16-18).Fuel treatment is an important component of wildland fire management. Fuel treatments can fragment large and contiguous fuel patches with high fire intensity potentials. This research applied a mathematical programming model to compare the effects of different fuel treatment layouts in fragmenting fuel patches, and controlling the future fire sizes under different fire durations assumptions. Analyses suggested that fuel treatment aimed at controlling fires of longer duration could effectively lower the risk of fires with shorter duration. However, fuel treatment layouts aimed at shorter fire durations might not perform well when the future fire duration is much longer. Fuel treatment layout designed under the assumption of infinite fire duration can effectively fragment high fire hazard fuel patches and provide reasonable support for future fire control

Fuel quality/processing study. Volume 4: On site processing studies

Fuel treated at the turbine and the turbine exhaust gas processed at the turbine site are studied. Fuel treatments protect the turbine from contaminants or impurities either in the upgrading fuel as produced or picked up by the fuel during normal transportation. Exhaust gas treatments provide for the reduction of NOx and SOx to environmentally acceptable levels. The impact of fuel quality upon turbine maintenance and deterioration is considered. On site costs include not only the fuel treatment costs as such, but also incremental costs incurred by the turbine operator if a turbine fuel of low quality is not acceptably upgraded

Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches

2013 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.Increased forest fuel loading and continuity have led to more large fires that can potentially cause the loss of property, life and forest resources in certain forest ecosystems. Strategically fragmenting landscape fuel patches with the potential of carrying high intensity or crown fires helps mitigate the future fire risks. This research develops a mathematic integer programming model to optimally locate fuel treatment locations across a landscape for multiple decades. Solutions are aimed at strategically fragmenting high fire hazard fuel patches that support high intensity fires or crown fires. This model can be used to schedule treatments in each stand by reacting to fire ignition probability, potential fire damages to wildland urban interface (WUI), streams, lakes, and the cost of fuel treatment. A set of prototype test cases based on artificial data are used to demonstrate the model performance and support preliminary analyses. This theoretical model can be extended to study a variety of fuel treatment related management concerns across space and time when realistic data become available

Heavy Fuel Treatment As The Main Fuel On Board

One of the important factors in the smooth operation of the ship is the use of heavy fuel. Heavy fuel is cheaper than the price of diesel oil which is used as fuel for the main driving engine. Main Machine Tools often experience interference due to fogging of the fog, wear between the liner and the piston spring or other parts due to lack of proper maintenance and understanding. This research is survey research, which is field research and asks for the opinions of respondents who take samples from a population and use interviews or question lists as a basic data collection tool. Maintenance and maintenance of fuel in its implementation carried out regularly will be able to prevent more severe damage and decrease engine work. Integrated fuel handling and maintenance will facilitate the operation of the ship. Where in the effort of regular maintenance and maintenance and planning will extend the operating life of the ship. Maintenance and maintenance of fuel in its implementation carried out regularly will be able to prevent more severe damage and decrease engine wor

Spatial Endogenous Fire Risk and Efficient Fuel Management and Timber Harvest

This paper integrates a spatial fire behavior model and a stochastic dynamic optimization model to determine the optimal spatial pattern of fuel management and timber harvest. Each years fire season causes the loss of forest values and lives in the western US. This paper uses a multi-plot analysis and incorporates uncertainty about fire ignition locations and weather conditions to inform policy by examining the role of spatial endogenous risk - where management actions on one stand affect fire risk in that and adjacent stands. The results support two current strategies, but question two other strategies, for managing forests with fire risk.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,