Opening the Book of Marwood: English Catholics and Their Bibles in Early Modern Europe

In Reformation studies, the printed Bible has long been regarded as an agent of change. This dissertation interrogates the conditions in which it did not Reform its readers. As recent scholarship has emphasized how Protestant doctrine penetrated culture through alternative media, such as preaching and printed ephemera, the revolutionary role of the scripture-book has become more ambiguous. Historians of reading, nevertheless, continue to focus upon radical, prophetic, and otherwise eccentric modes of interaction with the vernacular Bible, reinforcing the traditional notion that the conversion of revelation to print had a single historical trajectory and that an adversarial relationship between textual and institutional authority was logically necessary. To understand why printed bibles themselves more often did not generate unrest, this study investigates the evidence left by a subset of Bible readers who remained almost entirely unstudied -- that is, early modern Catholics. To the conflict-rich evidence of ecclesiastical prohibitions, court records, and martyrologies often employed in top down narratives of the Counter-Reformation, this project introduces the alternative sources of used books and reading licenses. What these records reveal is that Catholic lay readers were not habituated to automate critical reading practices in the presence of biblical texts; what they demanded from ecclesiastical authorities and publishers instead were books that could provide them with access to their church\u27s sacred rituals and to its public expression of exegesis. The liturgical context of appropriation apparent in these Catholic books became visible in their evangelical counterparts enabling a cross-confessional history of sacred reading. This broader story is situated within the annotated Bible of one Catholic reader, Thomas Marwood (d.1718). The components of his book expose his overlapping reading communities and the disparate social and institutional contexts that structured them. Contextualizing each part illuminates the extent to which the conditions and traditions for reading the scriptures were shared across confessions and contested within them. This dissertation recovers a place for Bibles and their readers not only within early modern Catholicism, but within the Reformation era generally

Library Publishing Curriculum Textbook

In the original, modular curriculum (2018) on which this textbook is based, each unit of the Library Publishing Curriculum contained an instructor’s guide, narrative, a slideshow with talking notes, bibliographies, supplemental material, and activities for use in a physical or virtual classroom for workshops and courses. This textbook version, produced in 2021, adapts the original narrative as the primary content (with very little additional editing) and incorporates the bibliographies, appendices, and images from the slideshow into a linear reading and learning experience for use by librarians or students learning on their own or as part of a classroom learning experience. The LPC hopes others use and extend this CC-BY version into even more learning opportunities to help create a more equitable publishing ecosystem

Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740: Their Structure and Development

164 p.Modern lexicography originated during the Renaissance, with the revival of learning that spread throughout Europe. The revival of learning stimulated the compilation of grammars and dictionaries which, thanks to printing, were more easily available and circulated among travelers and merchants, reaching larger audiences. Interest in the study of vernacular languages also increased and promoted the compilation of word lists in modern languages. Spanish and English bilingual lexicography, in particular, is an important chapter in the history of the teaching of Spanish in Tudor England. This historical and comparative study is based on twelve dictionaries and twenty-two editions published in London between 1554 and 1740. The general question that this study tries to answer is this: what can the structure of the early alphabetical and topical Spanish and English dictionaries and their outside matter texts tell us about the principles of compilation lexicographers followed and about the purpose of their works? The investigation led, first, to a structural typology of books showing how the overall organization of topical dictionaries changed only slightly, while the relative position of grammars and alphabetical dictionaries was reversed. Together with grammars, lexicographical products serve a pedagogical function, but not every author follows the same pedagogical approach. These approaches find expression in the way a particular author organizes the component parts of his work. Second, subjects discussed are metalexicographical, metalinguistic or extralinguistic. Of these three types, the first one is the most common in both alphabetical and topical lexicographical products. Finally, an updated panorama of early Spanish and English bilingual lexicography is presented, one that, for the first time, includes both alphabetical and topical compilations and their interrelationships.Monográfico de Hermēneus: Revista de la Facultad de Traducción e Interpretación de Sori

The Historical Hazards of Finding Aids

Archivists have traditionally understood access through finding aids, assuming that—through creating them—they are effectively providing access to archival materials. This article is a history of finding aids in American archival practice that demonstrates how finding aids have negatively colored how archivists have understood access. It shows how finding aids were originally a compromise between resource constraints and the more familiar access that users expected, how a discourse centered on finding aids hindered the standardization of archival description as data, and how the characteristics of finding aids as tools framed and negatively impacted the Encoded Archival Description (EAD) standard. It questions whether finding aids are a productive or useful framework for understanding how archivists provide access to collections

Poetry and the Common Weal: Conceiving Civic Utility in British Poetics of the Long Eighteenth Century

This dissertation pursues a twofold proposition: writers of the long eighteenth century widely presumed that poetry influenced the “common weal” (the common wellbeing, conceived as a national community); and this expectation guided poetic composition even at the level of strategy or “design.” I demonstrate this claim in a series of three case studies, each of which delineates an elaborate, intertextual dialogue in which rival authors developed divergent strategies for civic reform. My analysis emphasizes the category of poiesis (poetic making), negotiated within discursive conventions of neoclassical genres. Chapters 1 and 2 argue that two verse translators of The Works of Virgil exploited to different ends the convention that epic poetry shaped the “manners.” Whereas John Ogilby conceived the Aeneid as a work that inspired “obedience” to an absolute monarch, John Dryden refashioned Virgil’s poetry to serve a limited monarchy in the wake of the English Revolution. Chapters 3 and 4 argue that two satirists of the age of Walpole tackled the “Mandevillean dilemma,” which encouraged satirists, traditionally scourges of vice, to accommodate the controversial idea that private vices had public benefits. Whereas Edward Young imagined vanity as a passion that facilitated its own reform, Alexander Pope’s Dunciad proved that even published expressions of malice might have virtuous effects. Chapters 5 and 6 argue that two West-Indian georgic writers divergently confirmed the commonplace that georgics modeled good agricultural management. Whereas Samuel Martin appealed to local sugarcane planters as “practical philosophers” who made “interest” and “duty” agree, James Grainger courted a metropolitan audience, ebulliently portraying a form of colonial settlement flawed at its core: riddled with disease, neglected by absenteeism, and tragically dependent on transatlantic trade to sustain its human populations. Taken together, these case studies tell a story in which visions of mixed government gradually supplant visions of monarchical absolutism and criticism of powerful public figures is increasingly theorized as a positive force in the polity. By revising our investigation of the relationship between poetry and “politics” in the long eighteenth century, I suggest, we gain access to a sophisticated communitarian discourse about the role of the arts in sustaining government

Defining the Industrial Book: Material Agencies and Print Cultures in Britain, 1814–1855

“Defining the Industrial Book” forwards an alternative history of the nineteenth-century book that emphasizes domestic and laboring print practices. Print histories tend to emphasize women and workers during the period as emergent reading audiences whose consumption of new, low-cost books propelled industrial print culture. “Defining the Industrial Book” argues, however, that these audiences maintained distinct reading and writing cultures well into the age of industrial print that they leveraged to claim autonomy within mass print culture. By bringing together interdisciplinary methods from literary criticism, book history, and media studies, “Defining the Industrial Book” examines a wide array of print artifacts — broadsides and chapbooks, scrap sheets, marginalia, waste paper, and used books — for the relationships their bear to mass-produced books. Whether the relationships are critical or imitative, each “book” reveals the ways that distinct materials of book production, such as ink, sheets, and binding, provided conduits through which communities of readers, writers, and print producers defined their relationship to mass print. Ultimately, “Defining the Industrial Book” aims to delineate more mutable notions of the book that privilege the experiences and material cultures of underrepresented print communities.Doctor of Philosoph

REVERENT ROMANTICISM: ANTHOLOGIZING ROMANTIC POETRY IN VICTORIAN DEVOTIONAL LITERATURE

Reverent Romanticism demonstrates that nineteenth-century religious media appropriated Romantic texts to construct a shared, modern religious identity for working- and middle-class readers. Victorian publishers and editors, like Harvey and Darton in their popular anthology The Evergreen (1830-1850), utilized well-known Romantic poetry as a cultural cachet to attract readers from across denominations, thereby constructing a new model of piety, ready to be circulated in the vast and growing readership networks cultivated by the British and Foreign Bible Society, the Religious Tract Society, and popular (middle-class) giftbook publishers. Out of copyright and now in the new hands of publishers with varied commercial interests, Romantic poetry becomes what I refer to as “secondhand poetry.” When anthologized, excerpted, quoted, and illustrated in popular devotional literature, the poetry of William Wordsworth, Felicia Hemans, and Lord Byron, in particular, take on a distinct evangelical afterlife that attempts to minister to readers’ uniquely modern anxieties—and to “kindle” what anthropologist of religion Tanya Luhrmann calls “acts of real-making” that “shift attention from the world as it is to the world as it should be, as understood within that faith.” Drawing on post-secular theory, I ultimately argue that the Romantic poetry anthologized in Victorian devotional literature signifies the growing tension of inhabiting a “faith frame” in a secular age.Doctor of Philosoph

Exporting peace? The EU mediator’s normative backpack

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 April 2022On the occasion of the launch of the European Law Open, this article analyses two policy documents of the European Union (EU) on its ambitions in peace mediation, to think about what it could mean for European law to be open to the world. Reading these documents – ‘the Concepts’ – through the lens of the theme that I have been assigned for this opening issue – ‘Europe in the world’ – one discerns an outward-looking EU searching for a greater role in the international field of peace mediation. One also sees instances of eurocentrism: a set of assumptions about the superiority of European (or ‘western’) ways of knowing and doing. In these Concepts, the EU envisages sending EU mediators into the world – either to mediate themselves or to support mediation efforts by others. The Concepts also contain increasingly long lists of EU values to be carried along and distributed during peace mediation. But the Concepts do not consider that in the countries where the EU mediator arrives, this backpack filled with normative baggage may bring other associations. Without more explicit recognition of the EU’s obstinate baggage, the EU is unlikely to be an effective peace mediator or, indeed, a credible global actor. More generally, critical reflexivity could help the EU to address the lingering Eurocentric tendencies that these Concepts reveal. Such critical questioning by the EU of its own assumptions, as well as learning from perspectives from outside the EU or the past, can be a process of focusing on Europe in order to decentre it. That, then, could also be a mission for this bold new European journal

Making the Palace Machine Work

This volume brings the studies of institutions, labour, and material cultures to bear on the history of science and technology by tracing the workings of the Imperial Household Department (Neiwufu) in the Qing court and empire. An enormous apparatus that employed 22,000 men and women at its heyday, the Department operated a "machine" with myriad moving parts. The first part of the book portrays the people who kept it running, from technical experts to menial servants, and scrutinises the paper trails they left behind. Part two uncovers the working principles of the machine by following the production chains of some of its most splendid products: gilded statues, jade, porcelain, and textiles. Part three tackles the most complex task of all, managing living organisms in nature, including lotus plants grown in imperial ponds in Beijing, fresh medicines sourced from disparate regions, and tribute elephants from Southeast Asia