Removal of Water Vapour from Natural Gas by Using Membrane Separation (Study on Percent of Water Vapour Removal)

The purpose of this report is to study on `The Removal of Water Vapour from. Natural Gas by Using Membrane Separation'. This report includes the objectives, scopes of study, problem statement, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion and recommendations. The main objective of this project is to analyze the performance and efficiency of membrane to remove water vapour from natural gas. Literature review is studied to obtain the properties and characteristics of flat membrane. Experimental lab is conducted to test the performance of the membrane under various operating pressure. The percentage of water vapour removal from methane and hydrocarbon loss under various pressures is plot. It is observed that the removal of water vapour increases as pressure increases, which means the membrane separate more water vapour from methane at high pressure. Unfortunately, the percentage of hydrocarbon loss also increases as the pressure increases. Thus, it is recommended for next study that optimization is to be conducted based on cost analysis in order to minimize hydrocarbon loss and maximize water vapour removal by the membrane. As the conclusion, the objective of this protect to analyze the perfonnnce of the membrane is achieved. The flat membrane used in this project is classified as asymmetry, integrally skinned and dense top layer membrane. The membrane consists of mainly O-H, NH, C=O and C- H functional groups. The degradation temperature of the membrane is 430.60°C. As for performance analysis, it is obtained that the percent of water vapour removal and hydrocarbon loss increase as the pressure increase

Copulas in finance and insurance

Copulas provide a potential useful modeling tool to represent the dependence structure among variables and to generate joint distributions by combining given marginal distributions. Simulations play a relevant role in finance and insurance. They are used to replicate efficient frontiers or extremal values, to price options, to estimate joint risks, and so on. Using copulas, it is easy to construct and simulate from multivariate distributions based on almost any choice of marginals and any type of dependence structure. In this paper we outline recent contributions of statistical modeling using copulas in finance and insurance. We review issues related to the notion of copulas, copula families, copula-based dynamic and static dependence structure, copulas and latent factor models and simulation of copulas. Finally, we outline hot topics in copulas with a special focus on model selection and goodness-of-fit testing

Copulas in finance and insurance

Copulas provide a potential useful modeling tool to represent the dependence structure among variables and to generate joint distributions by combining given marginal distributions. Simulations play a relevant role in finance and insurance. They are used to replicate efficient frontiers or extremal values, to price options, to estimate joint risks, and so on. Using copulas, it is easy to construct and simulate from multivariate distributions based on almost any choice of marginals and any type of dependence structure. In this paper we outline recent contributions of statistical modeling using copulas in finance and insurance. We review issues related to the notion of copulas, copula families, copula-based dynamic and static dependence structure, copulas and latent factor models and simulation of copulas. Finally, we outline hot topics in copulas with a special focus on model selection and goodness-of-fit testing.Dependence structure, Extremal values, Copula modeling, Copula review

Removal of Water Vapour from Natural Gas by Using Membrane Separation (Study on Percent of Water Vapour Removal)

The purpose of this report is to study on `The Removal of Water Vapour from. Natural Gas by Using Membrane Separation'. This report includes the objectives, scopes of study, problem statement, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion and recommendations. The main objective of this project is to analyze the performance and efficiency of membrane to remove water vapour from natural gas. Literature review is studied to obtain the properties and characteristics of flat membrane. Experimental lab is conducted to test the performance of the membrane under various operating pressure. The percentage of water vapour removal from methane and hydrocarbon loss under various pressures is plot. It is observed that the removal of water vapour increases as pressure increases, which means the membrane separate more water vapour from methane at high pressure. Unfortunately, the percentage of hydrocarbon loss also increases as the pressure increases. Thus, it is recommended for next study that optimization is to be conducted based on cost analysis in order to minimize hydrocarbon loss and maximize water vapour removal by the membrane. As the conclusion, the objective of this protect to analyze the perfonnnce of the membrane is achieved. The flat membrane used in this project is classified as asymmetry, integrally skinned and dense top layer membrane. The membrane consists of mainly O-H, NH, C=O and C- H functional groups. The degradation temperature of the membrane is 430.60°C. As for performance analysis, it is obtained that the percent of water vapour removal and hydrocarbon loss increase as the pressure increase

Educational Implications of School Systems at Different Stages of Schooling

In educating students national public school systems use different methods of grouping students by ability across schools. We consider four different school systems of student allocation at different stages of schooling and their educational implications. Our two-period model suggests that both the frequency and sequence of ability grouping play an important role in producing educational implications. As different households prefer different combinations of school systems, the overall performance of a school system is determined by how households are distributed over income and a child's ability and the voting of households.Education, Comprehensive and Selective School Systems

Conditional stochastic dominance tests in dynamic settings

This paper proposes nonparametric consistent tests of conditional stochastic dominance of arbitrary order in a dynamic setting. The novelty of these tests lies in the nonparametric manner of incorporating the information set. The test allows for general forms of unknown serial and mutual dependence between random variables, and has an asymptotic distribution that can be easily approximated by simulation. This method has good finite-sample performance. These tests are applied to determine investment efficiency between US industry portfolios conditional on the dynamics of the market portfolio. The empirical analysis suggests that telecommunications dominates the other sectoral portfolios under risk aversion

Reconsidering the relation between regret and responsibility

decision making;consumer behavior