12,079 research outputs found
Detecting Ontological Conflicts in Protocols between Semantic Web Services
The task of verifying the compatibility between interacting web services has
traditionally been limited to checking the compatibility of the interaction
protocol in terms of message sequences and the type of data being exchanged.
Since web services are developed largely in an uncoordinated way, different
services often use independently developed ontologies for the same domain
instead of adhering to a single ontology as standard. In this work we
investigate the approaches that can be taken by the server to verify the
possibility to reach a state with semantically inconsistent results during the
execution of a protocol with a client, if the client ontology is published.
Often database is used to store the actual data along with the ontologies
instead of storing the actual data as a part of the ontology description. It is
important to observe that at the current state of the database the semantic
conflict state may not be reached even if the verification done by the server
indicates the possibility of reaching a conflict state. A relational algebra
based decision procedure is also developed to incorporate the current state of
the client and the server databases in the overall verification procedure
Philosophy of Blockchain Technology - Ontologies
About the necessity and usefulness of developing a philosophy specific to the blockchain technology, emphasizing on the ontological aspects. After an Introduction that highlights the main philosophical directions for this emerging technology, in Blockchain Technology I explain the way the blockchain works, discussing ontological development directions of this technology in Designing and Modeling. The next section is dedicated to the main application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin, with the social implications of this cryptocurrency. There follows a section of Philosophy in which I identify the blockchain technology with the concept of heterotopia developed by Michel Foucault and I interpret it in the light of the notational technology developed by Nelson Goodman as a notational system. In the Ontology section, I present two developmental paths that I consider important: Narrative Ontology, based on the idea of order and structure of history transmitted through Paul Ricoeur's narrative history, and the Enterprise Ontology system based on concepts and models of an enterprise, specific to the semantic web, and which I consider to be the most well developed and which will probably become the formal ontological system, at least in terms of the economic and legal aspects of blockchain technology. In Conclusions I am talking about the future directions of developing the blockchain technology philosophy in general as an explanatory and robust theory from a phenomenologically consistent point of view, which allows testability and ontologies in particular, arguing for the need of a global adoption of an ontological system for develop cross-cutting solutions and to make this technology profitable.
CONTENTS:
Abstract
Introducere
Tehnologia blockchain
- Proiectare
- Modele
Bitcoin
Filosofia
Ontologii
- Ontologii narative
- Ontologii de intreprindere
Concluzii
Note
Bibliografie
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24510.3360
Representing and coding the knowledge embedded in texts of Health Science Web published articles
Despite the fact that electronic publishing is a common activity to scholars electronic journals are still based in the print model and do not take full advantage of the facilities offered by the Semantic Web environment. This is a report of the results of a research project with the aim of investigating the possibilities of electronic publishing journal articles both as text for human reading and in machine readable format recording the new knowledge contained in the article. This knowledge is identified with the scientific methodology elements such as problem, methodology, hypothesis, results, and conclusions. A model integrating all those elements is proposed which makes explicit and records the knowledge embedded in the text of scientific articles as an ontology. Knowledge thus represented enables its processing by intelligent software agents The proposed model aims to take advantage of these facilities enabling semantic retrieval and validation of the knowledge contained in articles. To validate and enhance the model a set of electronic journal articles were analyzed
Toward an Ontology of Commercial Exchange
In this paper we propose an Ontology of Commercial Exchange (OCE) based on Basic Formal Ontology. OCE is designed for re-use in the Industrial Ontologies Foundry (IOF) and in other ontologies addressing different aspects of human social behavior involving purchasing, selling, marketing, and so forth. We first evaluate some of the design patterns used in the Financial Industry Business Ontology (FIBO) and Product Types Ontology (PTO). We then propose terms and definitions that we believe will improve the representation of contractual obligations, sales processes, and their
associated documents. A commercial exchange, for instance, involves mutual agreement to reciprocate actions, such as transferring money, performing a service, or transferring goods
Towards a Conceptualization of Sociomaterial Entanglement
In knowledge representation, socio-technical systems can be modeled
as multiagent systems in which the local knowledge of each individual agent can
be seen as a context. In this paper we propose formal ontologies as a means to
describe the assumptions driving the construction of contexts as local theories and
to enable interoperability among them. In particular, we present two alternative
conceptualizations of the notion of sociomateriality (and entanglement), which
is central in the recent debates on socio-technical systems in the social sciences,
namely critical and agential realism.
We thus start by providing a model of entanglement according to the critical realist
view, representing it as a property of objects that are essentially dependent on
different modules of an already given ontology. We refine then our treatment by
proposing a taxonomy of sociomaterial entanglements that distinguishes between
ontological and epistemological entanglement. In the final section, we discuss the
second perspective, which is more challenging form the point of view of knowledge
representation, and we show that the very distinction of information into
modules can be at least in principle built out of the assumption of an entangled
reality
Sharp transition towards shared vocabularies in multi-agent systems
What processes can explain how very large populations are able to converge on
the use of a particular word or grammatical construction without global
coordination? Answering this question helps to understand why new language
constructs usually propagate along an S-shaped curve with a rather sudden
transition towards global agreement. It also helps to analyze and design new
technologies that support or orchestrate self-organizing communication systems,
such as recent social tagging systems for the web. The article introduces and
studies a microscopic model of communicating autonomous agents performing
language games without any central control. We show that the system undergoes a
disorder/order transition, going trough a sharp symmetry breaking process to
reach a shared set of conventions. Before the transition, the system builds up
non-trivial scale-invariant correlations, for instance in the distribution of
competing synonyms, which display a Zipf-like law. These correlations make the
system ready for the transition towards shared conventions, which, observed on
the time-scale of collective behaviors, becomes sharper and sharper with system
size. This surprising result not only explains why human language can scale up
to very large populations but also suggests ways to optimize artificial
semiotic dynamics.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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