Making climate information useable for forest-based climate change interventions in South Africa

Understanding knowledge systems, that is the combination of agents, practices, and institutions that organize the production, transfer, and use of knowledge and their role in making climate information useable for forest-based climate responses, is critical for building resilience to climate change. This study used the concept of a knowledge system to examine how organizational collaboration, in the processes of forecast translation, influences the production of useable information in forest-based climate change interventions in South Africa. Twenty-two key informant interviews were conducted with actors in the fields of climate change and forestry. Results reveal that carbon sequestration and landscape management are the dominant forest-based climate interventions. Consequently, the information translated from the forecasts is tailored towards facilitating the implementation of these two interventions. Network analysis reveals that actors in the categories of small-scale forest companies and community-based enterprises are less integrated into the process of information production. A concerted effort towards the meaningful integration of all categories of actors in the process of information production, as well as the production of information that encourages the implementation of other types of forest-based climate change interventions such as forest bioenergy, is thus recommended

XQuery Streaming by Forest Transducers

Streaming of XML transformations is a challenging task and only very few systems support streaming. Research approaches generally define custom fragments of XQuery and XPath that are amenable to streaming, and then design custom algorithms for each fragment. These languages have several shortcomings. Here we take a more principles approach to the problem of streaming XQuery-based transformations. We start with an elegant transducer model for which many static analysis problems are well-understood: the Macro Forest Transducer (MFT). We show that a large fragment of XQuery can be translated into MFTs --- indeed, a fragment of XQuery, that can express important features that are missing from other XQuery stream engines, such as GCX: our fragment of XQuery supports XPath predicates and let-statements. We then rely on a streaming execution engine for MFTs, one which uses a well-founded set of optimizations from functional programming, such as strictness analysis and deforestation. Our prototype achieves time and memory efficiency comparable to the fastest known engine for XQuery streaming, GCX. This is surprising because our engine relies on the OCaml built in garbage collector and does not use any specialized buffer management, while GCX's efficiency is due to clever and explicit buffer management.Comment: Full version of the paper in the Proceedings of the 30th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2014

“Thou art translated”: Remapping Hideki Noda and Satoshi Miyagi’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream in Post-March 11 Japan

As an example of this, I read A Midsummer Night’s Dream as adapted by Hideki Noda originally in 1992 and then directed by Miyagi Satoshi for the Shizuoka Performing Arts Centre in 2011. Drawing on my experience as the surtitle translator of Noda’s Japanese adaptation “back” into English, I discuss the linguistic and cultural metamorphosis of Noda’s reworking and the effects of its mediation in Miyagi’s rendition, and ask to what extent the production, adapted in post-March 2011 Japan, can be read as a “contact zone” for a translingual Japanese Shakespeare. In what way did Miyagi’s reading of the post-March 11 events inflect Noda’s adaption along socio-political lines? What is lost and gained in processes of adaptation in the wake of an environmental catastrophe

SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF SWEAR WORDS AND TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES IN FOREST GUMP MOVIE SUBTITLES

The aims of the study are to find out and elaborate the swearwords based on different contexts in the Forest Gump movie’s subtitle and its translation. This is to answer the questions of translation technique used in the translated subtitle, and the speech acts used in the swear words. Descriptive qualitative method is used in this research to identify and to analyse the dialogue containing swearwords in the Forest Gump movie. From the analysis, it can be seen that the most used phrase of swearword is dominated by the phrase damn it or God damn it. The speech acts found were Assertive, Directive, Expressive, and Commissive. The Source Text had the total data of speech act about 63 (sixty-three) data of which 11 data were counted as two data (2). The data comprised of Assertive, Directive, Expressive and Commissive. The Target Text had the total amount data of speech act about 50 (fifty) data, 3 (three) of which were not translated and therefore cannot be counted. The Data comprises of Assertive, Directive, Expressive, and Commissive. It is expected that future researchers can study further and deeper about the speech acts in swear words and the translation techniques

Localization in Unstructured Environments: Towards Autonomous Robots in Forests with Delaunay Triangulation

Autonomous harvesting and transportation is a long-term goal of the forest industry. One of the main challenges is the accurate localization of both vehicles and trees in a forest. Forests are unstructured environments where it is difficult to find a group of significant landmarks for current fast feature-based place recognition algorithms. This paper proposes a novel approach where local observations are matched to a general tree map using the Delaunay triangularization as the representation format. Instead of point cloud based matching methods, we utilize a topology-based method. First, tree trunk positions are registered at a prior run done by a forest harvester. Second, the resulting map is Delaunay triangularized. Third, a local submap of the autonomous robot is registered, triangularized and matched using triangular similarity maximization to estimate the position of the robot. We test our method on a dataset accumulated from a forestry site at Lieksa, Finland. A total length of 2100\,m of harvester path was recorded by an industrial harvester with a 3D laser scanner and a geolocation unit fixed to the frame. Our experiments show a 12\,cm s.t.d. in the location accuracy and with real-time data processing for speeds not exceeding 0.5\,m/s. The accuracy and speed limit is realistic during forest operations

Sequestration of G3BP coupled with efficient translation inhibits stress granules in Semliki Forest virus infection

Dynamic, mRNA-containing stress granules (SGs) form in the cytoplasm of cells under environmental stresses, including viral infection. Many viruses appear to employ mechanisms to disrupt the formation of SGs on their mRNAs, suggesting that they represent a cellular defense against infection. Here, we report that early in Semliki Forest virus infection, the C-terminal domain of the viral nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) forms a complex with Ras-GAP SH3-domain–binding protein (G3BP) and sequesters it into viral RNA replication complexes in a manner that inhibits the formation of SGs on viral mRNAs. A viral mutant carrying a C-terminal truncation of nsP3 induces more persistent SGs and is attenuated for propagation in cell culture. Of importance, we also show that the efficient translation of viral mRNAs containing a translation enhancer sequence also contributes to the disassembly of SGs in infected cells. Furthermore, we show that the nsP3/G3BP interaction also blocks SGs induced by other stresses than virus infection. This is one of few described viral mechanisms for SG disruption and underlines the role of SGs in antiviral defense