102,981 research outputs found
OpenAdaptxt: an open source enabling technology for high quality text entry
Modern text entry systems, especially for touch screen phones and novel devices, rely on complex underlying technologies such as error correction and word suggestion. Furthermore, for global deployment a vast number of languages have to be supported. Together this has raised the entry bar for new text entry techniques, which makes developing and testing a longer process thus stifling innovation. For example, testing a new feedback mechanism in comparison to a stock keyboard now requires the researchers to support at least slip correction and probably word suggestion. This paper introduces OpenAdaptxt: an open source community driven text input platform to enable development of higher quality text input solutions. It is the first commercial-grade open source enabling technology for modern text entry that supports both multiple platforms and dictionary support for over 50 spoken languages
A note on brain actuated spelling with the Berlin brain-computer interface
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are systems capable of decoding neural activity in real time, thereby allowing a computer application to be directly controlled by the brain. Since the characteristics of such direct brain-tocomputer interaction are limited in several aspects, one major challenge in BCI research is intelligent front-end design. Here we present the mental text entry application ‘Hex-o-Spell’ which incorporates principles of Human-Computer Interaction research into BCI feedback design. The system utilises the high visual display bandwidth to help compensate for the extremely limited control bandwidth which operates with only two mental states, where the timing of the state changes encodes most of the information. The display is visually appealing, and control is robust. The effectiveness and robustness of the interface was demonstrated at the CeBIT 2006 (world’s largest IT fair) where two subjects operated the mental text entry system at a speed of up to 7.6 char/min
Emerging technologies in physics education
Three emerging technologies in physics education are evaluated from the
interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive science and physics education
research. The technologies - Physlet Physics, the Andes Intelligent Tutoring
System (ITS), and Microcomputer-Based Laboratory (MBL) Tools - are assessed
particularly in terms of their potential at promoting conceptual change,
developing expert-like problem-solving skills, and achieving the goals of the
traditional physics laboratory. Pedagogical methods to maximize the potential
of each educational technology are suggested.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Science Education and
Technology; 20 page
Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexicon
Even though considerable attention has been given to the polarity of words
(positive and negative) and the creation of large polarity lexicons, research
in emotion analysis has had to rely on limited and small emotion lexicons. In
this paper we show how the combined strength and wisdom of the crowds can be
used to generate a large, high-quality, word-emotion and word-polarity
association lexicon quickly and inexpensively. We enumerate the challenges in
emotion annotation in a crowdsourcing scenario and propose solutions to address
them. Most notably, in addition to questions about emotions associated with
terms, we show how the inclusion of a word choice question can discourage
malicious data entry, help identify instances where the annotator may not be
familiar with the target term (allowing us to reject such annotations), and
help obtain annotations at sense level (rather than at word level). We
conducted experiments on how to formulate the emotion-annotation questions, and
show that asking if a term is associated with an emotion leads to markedly
higher inter-annotator agreement than that obtained by asking if a term evokes
an emotion
Analyzing the Impact of Cognitive Load in Evaluating Gaze-based Typing
Gaze-based virtual keyboards provide an effective interface for text entry by
eye movements. The efficiency and usability of these keyboards have
traditionally been evaluated with conventional text entry performance measures
such as words per minute, keystrokes per character, backspace usage, etc.
However, in comparison to the traditional text entry approaches, gaze-based
typing involves natural eye movements that are highly correlated with human
brain cognition. Employing eye gaze as an input could lead to excessive mental
demand, and in this work we argue the need to include cognitive load as an eye
typing evaluation measure. We evaluate three variations of gaze-based virtual
keyboards, which implement variable designs in terms of word suggestion
positioning. The conventional text entry metrics indicate no significant
difference in the performance of the different keyboard designs. However, STFT
(Short-time Fourier Transform) based analysis of EEG signals indicate variances
in the mental workload of participants while interacting with these designs.
Moreover, the EEG analysis provides insights into the user's cognition
variation for different typing phases and intervals, which should be considered
in order to improve eye typing usability.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, IEEE CBMS 201
Multidimensional Pareto optimization of touchscreen keyboards for speed, familiarity and improved spell checking
The paper presents a new optimization technique for keyboard layouts based on Pareto front optimization. We used this multifactorial technique to create two new touchscreen phone keyboard layouts based on three design metrics: minimizing finger travel distance in order to maximize text entry speed, a new metric to maximize the quality of spell correction quality by minimizing neighbouring key ambiguity, and maximizing familiarity through a similarity function with the standard Qwerty layout. The paper describes the optimization process and resulting layouts for a standard trapezoid shaped keyboard and a more rectangular layout. Fitts' law modelling shows a predicted 11% improvement in entry speed without taking into account the significantly improved error correction potential and the subsequent effect on speed. In initial user tests typing speed dropped from approx. 21wpm with Qwerty to 13wpm (64%) on first use of our layout but recovered to 18wpm (85%) within four short trial sessions, and was still improving. NASA TLX forms showed no significant difference on load between Qwerty and our new layout use in the fourth session. Together we believe this shows the new layouts are faster and can be quickly adopted by users
Math Search for the Masses: Multimodal Search Interfaces and Appearance-Based Retrieval
We summarize math search engines and search interfaces produced by the
Document and Pattern Recognition Lab in recent years, and in particular the min
math search interface and the Tangent search engine. Source code for both
systems are publicly available. "The Masses" refers to our emphasis on creating
systems for mathematical non-experts, who may be looking to define unfamiliar
notation, or browse documents based on the visual appearance of formulae rather
than their mathematical semantics.Comment: Paper for Invited Talk at 2015 Conference on Intelligent Computer
Mathematics (July, Washington DC
Comparison of Open-Source Electronic Health Record Systems Based on Functional and User Performance Criteria
Objectives:
Open-source Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems have gained importance. The main aim of our research is to guide organizational choice by comparing the features, functionality, and user-facing system performance of the five most popular open-source EHR systems.
Methods:
We performed qualitative content analysis with a directed approach on recently published literature (2012-2017) to develop an integrated set of criteria to compare the EHR systems. The functional criteria are an integration of the literature, meaningful use criteria, and the Institute of Medicine's functional requirements of EHR, whereas the user-facing system performance is based on the time required to perform basic tasks within the EHR system.
Results:
Based on the Alexa web ranking and Google Trends, the five most popular EHR systems at the time of our study were OSHERA VistA, GNU Health, the Open Medical Record System (OpenMRS), Open Electronic Medical Record (OpenEMR), and OpenEHR. We also found the trends in popularity of the EHR systems and the locations where they were more popular than others. OpenEMR met all the 32 functional criteria, OSHERA VistA met 28, OpenMRS met 12 fully and 11 partially, OpenEHR-based EHR met 10 fully and 3 partially, and GNU Health met the least with only 10 criteria fully and 2 partially.
Conclusions:
Based on our functional criteria, OpenEMR is the most promising EHR system, closely followed by VistA. With regards to user-facing system performance, OpenMRS has superior performance in comparison to OpenEMR
Plea Bargaining in the Dark: The Duty to Disclose Exculpatory Brady Evidence During Plea Bargaining
Ninety-seven percent of federal convictions are the result of guilty pleas. Despite the criminal justice system’s reliance on plea bargaining, the law regarding the prosecution’s duty to disclose certain evidence during this stage of the judicial process is unsettled. The Supreme Court’s decision in Brady v. Maryland requires the prosecution to disclose evidence that establishes the defendant’s factual innocence during a trial. Some courts apply this rule during plea bargaining and require the disclosure of material exculpatory evidence before the entry of a guilty plea. Other courts have held or suggested that the prosecution may suppress exculpatory evidence during plea bargaining, forcing the defendant to negotiate and determine whether to accept a plea offer or proceed to trial without it. Substantial disparities therefore exist in the bargaining power and decision-making ability of criminal defendants, depending on where they are charged.
This Note addresses the divide in how courts approach Brady challenges to guilty pleas. After analyzing the development of plea bargaining and the Brady rule, this Note concludes that a guilty plea is not valid if made without awareness of material exculpatory evidence possessed by the prosecution. To provide additional support for the recognition of pre–guilty plea exculpatory Brady rights, this Note presents a case study of two 2012 Supreme Court decisions establishing the right to effective assistance of counsel during plea bargaining, and argues that the same justifications for recognizing that right during plea bargaining apply to Brady as well
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