13,316 research outputs found
The invention of facts: Benthamâs ethics and the education of public taste
This article uses Jeremy Benthamâs comments on taste and ethics to analyse the efforts of âPhilosophical Radicalâ members of the Select Committee on Arts and Manufactures of 1835/6, including Benthamâs executor and editor John Bowring, to apply utilitarianism to questions of public taste. The application of utilitarian thinking to questions of public taste by Members of Parliament was an unlikely occurrence, but it raised problems of ethics, governance and public pedagogy that persist to this day. Bentham had sketched out a utilitarian approach to public taste in his writing on âRules Respecting the Method of Transplanting Lawsâ, where the correspondence between individuals and tastes is presented as a set of contingent statements within a signifying system. However, the problem of describing taste as a set of contingent statements is that it challenges the âinterest begotten prejudiceâ that may be expressed in judgments of sympathy or antipathy. My analysis of the problems attending Benthamâs wish to set âprejudice apartâ in discussions of taste, is undertaken with specific reference to the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacanâs emphasis on the importance of what he termed âthe utilitarian conversionâ in ethics. Lacanâs praise for Bentham and the âTheory of Fictionsâ demonstrates a limited insight into the importance of Benthamâs ethics, while misunderstanding some of its most important features. I argue that Benthamâs treatment of fact, rather than fiction, gives us a more precise route to the place of the unconscious in Benthamâs thought, as well as a better understanding of a utilitarian consciousness of taste
Argotario: Computational Argumentation Meets Serious Games
An important skill in critical thinking and argumentation is the ability to
spot and recognize fallacies. Fallacious arguments, omnipresent in
argumentative discourse, can be deceptive, manipulative, or simply leading to
`wrong moves' in a discussion. Despite their importance, argumentation scholars
and NLP researchers with focus on argumentation quality have not yet
investigated fallacies empirically. The nonexistence of resources dealing with
fallacious argumentation calls for scalable approaches to data acquisition and
annotation, for which the serious games methodology offers an appealing, yet
unexplored, alternative. We present Argotario, a serious game that deals with
fallacies in everyday argumentation. Argotario is a multilingual, open-source,
platform-independent application with strong educational aspects, accessible at
www.argotario.net.Comment: EMNLP 2017 demo paper. Source codes:
https://github.com/UKPLab/argotari
Thoughts about a General Theory of Influence in a DIME/PMESII/ASCOP/IRC2 Model
The leading question of this paper is: âHow would influence warfare (âiWarâ) work and how can we simulate it?â The paper discusses foundational aspects of a theory and model of influence warfare by discussing a framework built along the DIME/PMESII/ASCOP dimension forming a prism with three axes. The DIME concept groups the many instruments of power a nation state can muster into four categories: Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economy. PMESII describes the operational environment in six domains: Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information and Infrastructure. ASCOPE is used in counter insurgency (COIN) environments to analyze the cultural and human environment (aka the âhuman terrainâ) and encompasses Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organization, People and Events. In addition, the model reflects about aspects of information collection requirements (ICR) and information capabilities requirements (ICR) - hence DIME/PMESII/ASCOP/ICR2. This model was developed from an influence wargame that was conducted in October 2018. This paper introduces basic methodical questions around model building in general and puts a special focus on building a framework for the problem space of influence/information/hybrid warfare takes its shape in. The article tries to describe mechanisms and principles in the information/influence space using cross discipline terminology (e.g. physics, chemistry and literature). On a more advanced level this article contributes to the Human, Social, Culture, Behavior (HSCB) models and community. One goal is to establish an academic, multinational and whole of government influence wargamer community. This paper introduces the idea of the perception field understood as a molecule of a story or narrative that influences an observer. This molecule can be drawn as a selection of vectors that can be built inside the DIME/PMESII/ASCOP prism. Each vector can be influenced by a shielding or shaping action. These ideas were explored in this influence wargame
The Clinical Assessment in the Legal Field: An Empirical Study of Bias and Limitations in Forensic Expertise
According to the literature, psychological assessment in forensic contexts is one of the most controversial application areas for clinical psychology. This paper presents a review of systematic judgment errors in the forensic field. Forty-six psychological reports written by psychologists, court consultants, have been analyzed with content analysis to identify typical judgment errors related to the following areas: (a) distortions in the attribution of causality, (b) inferential errors, and (c) epistemological inconsistencies. Results indicated that systematic errors of judgment, usually referred also as "the man in the street," are widely present in the forensic evaluations of specialist consultants. Clinical and practical implications are taken into account. This article could lead to significant benefits for clinical psychologists who want to deal with this sensitive issue and are interested in improving the quality of their contribution to the justice system
Empowering parallel computing with field programmable gate arrays
After more than 30 years, reconïŹgurable computing has grown from a concept to a mature ïŹeld of science and technology. The cornerstone of this evolution is the ïŹeld programmable gate array, a building block enabling the conïŹguration of a custom hardware architecture. The departure from static von Neumannlike architectures opens the way to eliminate the instruction overhead and to optimize the execution speed and power consumption. FPGAs now live in a growing ecosystem of development tools, enabling software programmers to map algorithms directly onto hardware. Applications abound in many directions, including data centers, IoT, AI, image processing and space exploration. The increasing success of FPGAs is largely due to an improved toolchain with solid high-level synthesis support as well as a better integration with processor and memory systems. On the other hand, long compile times and complex design exploration remain areas for improvement. In this paper we address the evolution of FPGAs towards advanced multi-functional accelerators, discuss different programming models and their HLS language implementations, as well as high-performance tuning of FPGAs integrated into a heterogeneous platform. We pinpoint fallacies and pitfalls, and identify opportunities for language enhancements and architectural reïŹnements
Why an Earned Income Tax Credit Program is a Mistake for Australia
taxation, welfare
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