Field test of multi-hop image sensing network prototype on a city-wide scale

Open Access funded by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommuniocations Under a Creative Commons license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Wireless multimedia sensor network drastically stretches the horizon of traditional monitoring and surveillance systems, of which most existing research have utilised Zigbee or WiFi as the communication technology. Both technologies use ultra high frequencies (mainly 2.4 GHz) and suffer from relatively short transmission range (i.e. 100 m line-of-sight). The objective of this paper is to assess the feasibility and potential of transmitting image information using RF modules with lower frequencies (e.g. 433 MHz) in order to achieve a larger scale deployment such as a city scenario. Arduino platform is used for its low cost and simplicity. The details of hardware properties are elaborated in the article, followed by an investigation of optimum configurations for the system. Upon an initial range testing outcome of over 2000 m line-of-sight transmission distance, the prototype network has been installed in a real life city plot for further examination of performance. A range of suitable applications has been proposed along with suggestions for future research.Peer reviewe

Energy-Efficient Fault Tolerant Coverage for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks are generally deployed in harsh environments to perform sensing operations and communication between sensors to report the events in applications like military surveillance, environmental monitoring, and etc. Sensor networks are resource constrained and the tiny size of sensors limits transmission power, bandwidth, and memory space. Errors in sensor networks such as noise interference, signal fading, and terrain pose a challenge in detecting and reporting events. Events undetected or not reported reduce the quality of any coverage protocol. As sensors are battery operated and energy constrained, there is also a need to maintain energy efficiency of the network. Current coverage protocols only focus on the entire area being covered but not event reporting and energy efficiency. To ensure that a better quality of service is provided by coverage protocols, there is a need for providing fault tolerance and event reporting while maintaining energy efficiency of the network. This thesis proposes a fault tolerant coverage protocol that enhances event reporting with the help of additional support structure and energy efficiency by reducing the communication. To further reduce the energy consumption and congestion in the network, only a subset of nodes are chosen to perform sensing and communication. We implemented our coverage protocol using the ns2 simulator for evaluating its performance. Simulation results show that our protocol has better event reporting and energy savings

A Survey of Multi-ObjectiveDeployment in Wireless Sensor Networks, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2010, nr 3

The major challenge in designing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to find tradeoff between the desired and contrary requirements for the lifetime, coverage or cost while coping with the computation, energy and communication constraints. This paper examines the optimal placement of nodes for a WSN. It is impossible to consider the deployment of the nodes separately from WSNs applications. We highlight the properties of WSNs applications that determine the placement problem. We identify and enumerate the various objectives that should be considered. The paper provides an overview and concentrates on multi-objective strategies, their assumptions, optimization problem formulation and results

An Energy-Efficient Distributed Algorithm for k-Coverage Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently achieved a great deal of attention due to its numerous attractive applications in many different fields. Sensors and WSNs possesses a number of special characteristics that make them very promising in many applications, but also put on them lots of constraints that make issues in sensor network particularly difficult. These issues may include topology control, routing, coverage, security, and data management. In this thesis, we focus our attention on the coverage problem. Firstly, we define the Sensor Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (SESK) problem. We then solve it by proposing a novel, completely localized and distributed scheduling approach, naming Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (DESK) such that the energy consumption among all the sensors is balanced, and the network lifetime is maximized while still satisfying the k-coverage requirement. Finally, in related work section we conduct an extensive survey of the existing work in literature that focuses on with the coverage problem