Green synthesis, characterization and in-vitro bioactivities of gold nanoparticles mediated by turmeric crude extract and curcumin

In the present study, green synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using the ethanolic crude extract of turmeric (Tur-CE) and curcumin (Cur) have been described. Antioxidant, anticholinesterase (anti-ChE), and antiurolithiatic activities of the extracts and the GNPs were tested in vitro and Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed. The optimization of GNP synthesis was performed using Tur-CE (2 % of 10 mg/mL) and curcumin (0.5 % of 10 mg/mL) at a reactant ratio (Tur-CE or Cur: HAuCl4) of 1:4, pH 6 and 12 of Tur-CE and curcumin, respectively. The other conditions include the concentration of HAuCl4 (0.25 mM) and different reaction temperatures (25, 40, 55 and 70 °C). FESEM analysis of GNPs synthesized at 25 °C by using Tur-CE (TP6.25) and curcumin (CP12.25) revealed the size range of 11-40 and 31-100 nm, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was recorded for TP6.25, that is, 82.60, 79.60 and 12.22 % for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively, and anti-ChE activity at 75.10 and 74.33 % for AChE and BChE, respectively, However, the maximum % I for ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, that is, 87.20, 86.00 % and 19.36 µg FSE, respectively, was shown by positive control ascorbic acid, and for AChE and BChE inhibition, 86.69 and 89.30 %, respectively, by galanthamine. TP6.25 also showed good antiurolithiatic activity as indicated by absorbance value of 0.198 and 0.164 in nucleation and crystallization assays, respectively. Pearson correlation revealed a positive correlation between antioxidant and anti-ChE, as well as antioxidant and antiurolithiatic activities. The GNPs were haemocompatible as TP6.25 and CP12.25 induced 1.172 and 0.763 % haemolysis, respectively, at the highest concentration of 500 µL in haemolysis assay compared to 99.85 % haemolysis by positive control. In conclusion, Tur-GNPs and Cur-GNPs possess good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiurolithiatic properties, in addition to being non-haemolytic, may be an option to further explore their therapeutic potential as antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiurolithiatic agents in neurodegeneration and urolithiasis

Optimal Service Provisioning in IoT Fog-based Environment for QoS-aware Delay-sensitive Application

This paper addresses the escalating challenges posed by the ever-increasing data volume, velocity, and the demand for low-latency applications, driven by the proliferation of smart devices and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To mitigate service delay and enhance Quality of Service (QoS), we introduce a hybrid optimization of Particle Swarm (PSO) and Chemical Reaction (CRO) to improve service delay in FogPlan, an offline framework that prioritizes QoS and enables dynamic fog service deployment. The method optimizes fog service allocation based on incoming traffic to each fog node, formulating it as an Integer Non-Linear Programming (INLP) problem, considering various service attributes and costs. Our proposed algorithm aims to minimize service delay and QoS degradation. The evaluation using real MAWI Working Group traffic data demonstrates a substantial 29.34% reduction in service delay, a 66.02% decrease in service costs, and a noteworthy 50.15% reduction in delay violations compared to the FogPlan framework