Sticker systems over monoids

Molecular computing has gained many interests among researchers since Head introduced the first theoretical model for DNA based computation using the splicing operation in 1987. Another model for DNA computing was proposed by using the sticker operation which Adlemanused in his successful experiment for the computation of Hamiltonian paths in a graph: a double stranded DNA sequence is composed by prolonging to the left and to the right a sequence of (single or double) symbols by using given single stranded strings or even more complex dominoes with sticky ends, gluing these ends together with the sticky ends of the current sequence according to a complementarity relation. According to this sticker operation, a language generative mechanism, called a sticker system, can be defined: a set of (incomplete) double-stranded sequences (axioms) and a set of pairs of single or double-stranded complementary sequences are given. The initial sequences are prolonged to the left and to the right by using sequences from the latter set, respectively. The iterations of these prolongations produce “computations” of possibly arbitrary length. These processes stop when a complete double stranded sequence is obtained. Sticker systems will generate only regular languages without restrictions. Additional restrictions can be imposed on the matching pairs of strands to obtain more powerful languages. Several types of sticker systems are shown to have the same power as regular grammars; one type is found to represent all linear languages whereas another one is proved to be able to represent any recursively enumerable language. The main aim of this research is to introduce and study sticker systems over monoids in which with each sticker operation, an element of a monoid is associated and a complete double stranded sequence is considered to be valid if the computation of the associated elements of the monoid produces the neutral element. Moreover, the sticker system over monoids is defined in this study

Weighted sticker system

A sticker system is a computational model which uses a sticker operation on DNA molecules. A sticker operation works on the complementary relation of double stranded DNA by using ligation and annealing operation to form a complete double stranded DNA sequence. In this paper, a new variant of sticker systems, called weighted sticker systems, is introduced. Some basic properties of language families that are generated by the weighted sticker systems are investigated.This paper also introduces some restricted weighted variants of sticker systems such as weighted one-sided, regular, simple, simple one-sided and simple regular sticker systems. Moreover, the paper shows that the presence of weights increases the generative powers of usual variants of sticker systems

The Real Price of College: College Completion Series: Part Two

The high price of college is the subject of media headlines, policy debates, and dinner table conversations because of its implications for educational opportunities, student and family pocketbooks, and the economy. Some people caution against giving too much weight to the advertised price of a college education, pointing out that the availability of financial aid means that college is not as expensive as people think it is. But they overlook a substantial problem: for many students, the real price of college is much higher than what recruitment literature, conventional wisdom, and even official statistics convey. Our research indicates that the current approach to higher education financing too often leaves low-income students facing unexpected, and sometimes untenable, expenses.Financial challenges are a consistent predictor of non-completion in higher education, and they are becoming more severe over time. Unexpected costs, even those that might appear modest in size, can derail students from families lacking financial cushions, and even those with greater family resources. Improving college completion rates requires both lowering the real price of attending college -- the student's remaining total costs, including tuition, books, and living expenses, after financial aid -- to better align with students' and families' ability to pay, and providing accurate information to help them plan to cover the real price of college.Many policymakers argue that bringing the personal and public benefits of higher education to an expanded population of Americans is important for the economy and to address inequality. Financial aid policies, they assume, help those with scarce resources to earn their degrees. But these policies often fall short, and when students have difficulty paying for college, they are more likely to focus their energies on working and raising funds rather than studying and attending classes, and are less likely to complete their degrees

Tracking Chart 2005 Puma, Tunisia 36007558D

This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.FLA_2005_Puma_TC_Tunisia_36007558D.pdf: 7 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Does gender matter? A cross-national investigation of primary class-room discipline.

© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupFewer than 15% of primary school teachers in both Germany and the UK are male. With the on-going international debate about educational performance highlighting the widening gender achievement gap between girl and boy pupils, the demand for more male teachers has become prevalent in educational discourse. Concerns have frequently been raised about the underachievement of boys, with claims that the lack of male ‘role models’ in schools has an adverse effect on boys’ academic motivation and engagement. Although previous research has examined ‘teaching’ as institutional talk, men’s linguistic behaviour in the classroom remains largely ignored, especially in regard to enacting discipline. Using empirical spoken data collected from four primary school classrooms in both the UK and in Germany, this paper examines the linguistic discipline strategies of eight male and eight female teachers using Interactional Sociolinguistics to address the question, does teacher gender matter?Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

THE EFFECT OF GIVEN REWARD TOWARDSTUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN READINGDESCRIPTIVE TEXT AT THE FIRST YEAR OF MTsN KAMPAR DISTRICT OF KAMPAR REGENCY

English is one of the courses in the school. It needs teaching and learning process. Nowadays, teaching English is beginning from the lowest level of education until the highest level. The teachers have important role to motivate the students to learn English. Based on the writer’s preliminary observation at MTsN Kampar most of the students do not have motivation in reading process. There are some students who feel bored, tired, and lazy if the teacher gives them reading subject, especially in reading descriptive text.The research was done at MTsNKampar,the main concern of this research is to obtain the effect of given reward toward student’s motivation in reading descriptive text. The design of this reasearch was experimental research. The subject of this research is the first year students of MTsN Kampar that consists of two classes. The researcher takes two classes as control class and experiment class. The object of this research is the effect of given reward toward students’ motivation in reading descriptive text. The instruments of this research are classroom observation and questionnaires. After the researcher collect the data into data recapitulation. The researcher analyzed the data by using the following formula: √ √ Based on the research finding, there is significant effect of the reward toward students’ motivation in reading descriptive text at the first years of MTsN Kampar. It can be seen also fromT-table at the 5% level of significance which refers to 2.00. While, in the level of significance 1% is 2.65. Therefore, it can be analyzed that to is higher than t table in either at 5% or 1% level of significance. It can be read that 2.00< 3.70 >2.65. So, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted

The Cowl - v. 84 - n. 16 - Feb 13, 2020

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Volume 84 - Number 16 - February 13, 2020. 39 pages

Current, March 01, 1993

https://irl.umsl.edu/current1990s/1105/thumbnail.jp