7,011 research outputs found
Classical and quantum algorithms for scaling problems
This thesis is concerned with scaling problems, which have a plethora of connections to different areas of mathematics, physics and computer science. Although many structural aspects of these problems are understood by now, we only know how to solve them efficiently in special cases.We give new algorithms for non-commutative scaling problems with complexity guarantees that match the prior state of the art. To this end, we extend the well-known (self-concordance based) interior-point method (IPM) framework to Riemannian manifolds, motivated by its success in the commutative setting. Moreover, the IPM framework does not obviously suffer from the same obstructions to efficiency as previous methods. It also yields the first high-precision algorithms for other natural geometric problems in non-positive curvature.For the (commutative) problems of matrix scaling and balancing, we show that quantum algorithms can outperform the (already very efficient) state-of-the-art classical algorithms. Their time complexity can be sublinear in the input size; in certain parameter regimes they are also optimal, whereas in others we show no quantum speedup over the classical methods is possible. Along the way, we provide improvements over the long-standing state of the art for searching for all marked elements in a list, and computing the sum of a list of numbers.We identify a new application in the context of tensor networks for quantum many-body physics. We define a computable canonical form for uniform projected entangled pair states (as the solution to a scaling problem), circumventing previously known undecidability results. We also show, by characterizing the invariant polynomials, that the canonical form is determined by evaluating the tensor network contractions on networks of bounded size
Quantum-Classical hybrid systems and their quasifree transformations
The focus of this work is the description of a framework for quantum-classical hybrid systems.
The main emphasis lies on continuous variable systems described by canonical commutation relations and, more precisely, the quasifree case.
Here, we are going to solve two main tasks:
The first is to rigorously define spaces of states and observables, which are naturally connected within the general structure.
Secondly, we want to describe quasifree channels for which both the Schrödinger picture and the Heisenberg picture are well defined.
We start with a general introduction to operator algebras and algebraic quantum theory.
Thereby, we highlight some of the mathematical details that are often taken for granted while working with purely quantum systems.
Consequently, we discuss several possibilities and their advantages respectively disadvantages in describing classical systems analogously to the quantum formalism.
The key takeaway is that there is no candidate for a classical state space or observable algebra that can be put easily alongside a quantum system to form a hybrid and simultaneously fulfills all of our requirements for such a partially quantum and partially classical system.
Although these straightforward hybrid systems are not sufficient enough to represent a general approach, we use one of the candidates to prove an intermediate result, which showcases the advantages of a consequent hybrid ansatz:
We provide a hybrid generalization of classical diffusion generators where the exchange of information between the classical and the quantum side is controlled by the induced noise on the quantum system.
Then, we present solutions for our initial tasks.
We start with a CCR-algebra where some variables may commute with all others and hence generate a classical subsystem.
After clarifying the necessary representations, our hybrid states are given by continuous characteristic functions, and the according state space is equal to the state space of a non-unital C*-algebra.
While this C*-algebra is not a suitable candidate for an observable algebra itself, we describe several possible subsets in its bidual which can serve this purpose.
They can be more easily characterized and will also allow for a straightforward definition of a proper Heisenberg picture.
The subsets are given by operator-valued functions on the classical phase space with varying degrees of regularity, such as universal measurability or strong*-continuity.
We describe quasifree channels and their properties, including a state-channel correspondence, a factorization theorem, and some basic physical operations.
All this works solely on the assumption of a quasifree system, but we also show that the more famous subclass of Gaussian systems fits well within this formulation and behaves as expected
Piecewise Temperleyan dimers and a multiple SLE
We consider the dimer model on piecewise Temperleyan, simply connected
domains, on families of graphs which include the square lattice as well as
superposition graphs. We focus on the spanning tree
associated to this model via Temperley's bijection, which turns out to be a
Uniform Spanning Tree with singular alternating boundary conditions.
Generalising the work of the second author with Peltola and Wu
\cite{LiuPeltolaWuUST} we obtain a scaling limit result for
. For instance, in the simplest nontrivial case, the limit
of is described by a pair of trees whose Peano curves are
shown to converge jointly to a multiple SLE pair. The interface between the
trees is shown to be given by an SLE curve. More generally
we provide an equivalent description of the scaling limit in terms of imaginary
geometry. This allows us to make use of the results developed by the first
author and Laslier and Ray \cite{BLRdimers}. We deduce that, universally across
these classes of graphs, the corresponding height function converges to a
multiple of the Gaussian free field with boundary conditions that jump at each
non-Temperleyan corner. After centering, this generalises a result of Russkikh
\cite{RusskikhDimers} who proved it in the case of the square lattice. Along
the way, we obtain results of independent interest on chordal hypergeometric
SLE; for instance we show its law is equal to that of an SLE for a certain vector of force points, conditional on its hitting
distribution on a specified boundary arc.Comment: 42 page
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum
Machine learning applications in search algorithms for gravitational waves from compact binary mergers
Gravitational waves from compact binary mergers are now routinely observed by Earth-bound detectors. These observations enable exciting new science, as they have opened a new window to the Universe.
However, extracting gravitational-wave signals from the noisy detector data is a challenging problem. The most sensitive search algorithms for compact binary mergers use matched filtering, an algorithm that compares the data with a set of expected template signals. As detectors are upgraded and more sophisticated signal models become available, the number of required templates will increase, which can make some sources computationally prohibitive to search for. The computational cost is of particular concern when low-latency alerts should be issued to maximize the time for electromagnetic follow-up observations. One potential solution to reduce computational requirements that has started to be explored in the last decade is machine learning. However, different proposed deep learning searches target varying parameter spaces and use metrics that are not always comparable to existing literature. Consequently, a clear picture of the capabilities of machine learning searches has been sorely missing.
In this thesis, we closely examine the sensitivity of various deep learning gravitational-wave search algorithms and introduce new methods to detect signals from binary black hole and binary neutron star mergers at previously untested statistical confidence levels. By using the sensitive distance as our core metric, we allow for a direct comparison of our algorithms to state-of-the-art search pipelines. As part of this thesis, we organized a global mock data challenge to create a benchmark for machine learning search algorithms targeting compact binaries. This way, the tools developed in this thesis are made available to the greater community by publishing them as open source software.
Our studies show that, depending on the parameter space, deep learning gravitational-wave search algorithms are already competitive with current production search pipelines. We also find that strategies developed for traditional searches can be effectively adapted to their machine learning counterparts. In regions where matched filtering becomes computationally expensive, available deep learning algorithms are also limited in their capability. We find reduced sensitivity to long duration signals compared to the excellent results for short-duration binary black hole signals
Bridgeland Stability Conditions and the Hilbert Scheme of Skew Lines in Projective Space
Bridgeland stability conditions are powerful tools for studying derived categories, with several applications to algebraic geometry. They were introduced by Bridgeland in 2002 [Bri07], who was motivated by Douglas’ work on Π-stability of D-branes [Dou02] in the context of string theory. Bridgeland showed that the set Stab(D) of stability conditions on a triangulated category D is a complex manifold, a result of extreme importance and central to all mathematical applications of this field of study. But in order to use this concept of stability conditions in string theory (as intended by Bridgeland), one needs to prove the existence of stability conditions on the bounded derived category Db(X) of a compact Calabi-Yau threefold X. This task is far from easy, as it took more than a decade before the first example was produced for the smooth quintic threefold by Li in [Li18]. This achievement came into fruition thanks to the extensive amount of work in the domain over this period of time, where the existence of stability conditions was progressively established for arbitrary smooth projective varieties of dimension one [Bri07, Oka06, Mac07], dimension two [Bri08, AB13], and then some dimension three cases (see Section 1.3).
One of the main applications of stability conditions on Db(X) (for an arbitrary variety X) is to study the geometry of moduli spaces of coherent sheaves over X with some Chern character v via the strategy known as “wall crossing”. In loose terms, a “wall” is a codimension one submanifold of Stab(Db(X)) such that by changing stability conditions along a continuous path in Stab(Db(X)) that goes through the wall causes the moduli space of sheaves over X with Chern character v to transform. When X is of dimension two, we have a solid control over wall crossing thanks to Bayer–Macr`ı [BM11], who provided a full understanding of how moduli spaces of sheaves change as we cross walls, as well as knowing the exact geometrical relationship these walls have with the underlying surface. In addition the precise structure of the walls is known and there are effective techniques to detect them. This thorough picture of wall crossing in dimension two is demonstrated through various complete studies of moduli spaces of sheaves over surfaces [AB13, ABCH13, Mea12].
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Quantum ergodicity on the Bruhat-Tits building for in the Benjamini-Schramm limit
We study eigenfunctions of the spherical Hecke algebra acting on
where with a
non-archimedean local field of characteristic zero, with the ring of integers of , and
is a sequence of cocompact torsionfree lattices. We prove a form of
equidistribution on average for eigenfunctions whose spectral parameters lie in
the tempered spectrum when the associated sequence of quotients of the
Bruhat-Tits building Benjamini-Schramm converges to the building itself.Comment: 111 pages, 25 figures, 2 table
Boundary integral representation of multipliers of fragmented affine functions and other intermediate function spaces
We develop a theory of abstract intermediate function spaces on a compact
convex set and study the behaviour of multipliers and centers of these
spaces. In particular, we provide some criteria for coincidence of the center
with the space of multipliers and a general theorem on boundary integral
representation of multipliers. We apply the general theory in several concrete
cases, among others to strongly affine Baire functions, to the space
of fragmented affine functions, to the space , the monotone
sequential closure of , to their natural subspaces formed by Borel
functions, or, in some special cases, to the space of all strongly affine
functions. In addition, we prove that the space is determined by
extreme points and provide a large number of illustrating examples and
counterexamples.Comment: 136 pages; we corrected one definition and expanded the introduction
a bi
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