41,214 research outputs found
Survey on Evaluation Methods for Dialogue Systems
In this paper we survey the methods and concepts developed for the evaluation
of dialogue systems. Evaluation is a crucial part during the development
process. Often, dialogue systems are evaluated by means of human evaluations
and questionnaires. However, this tends to be very cost and time intensive.
Thus, much work has been put into finding methods, which allow to reduce the
involvement of human labour. In this survey, we present the main concepts and
methods. For this, we differentiate between the various classes of dialogue
systems (task-oriented dialogue systems, conversational dialogue systems, and
question-answering dialogue systems). We cover each class by introducing the
main technologies developed for the dialogue systems and then by presenting the
evaluation methods regarding this class
A Hierarchical Latent Variable Encoder-Decoder Model for Generating Dialogues
Sequential data often possesses a hierarchical structure with complex
dependencies between subsequences, such as found between the utterances in a
dialogue. In an effort to model this kind of generative process, we propose a
neural network-based generative architecture, with latent stochastic variables
that span a variable number of time steps. We apply the proposed model to the
task of dialogue response generation and compare it with recent neural network
architectures. We evaluate the model performance through automatic evaluation
metrics and by carrying out a human evaluation. The experiments demonstrate
that our model improves upon recently proposed models and that the latent
variables facilitate the generation of long outputs and maintain the context.Comment: 15 pages, 5 tables, 4 figure
Reference resolution in multi-modal interaction: Preliminary observations
In this paper we present our research on multimodal interaction in and with virtual environments. The aim of this presentation is to emphasize the necessity to spend more research on reference resolution in multimodal contexts. In multi-modal interaction the human conversational partner can apply more than one modality in conveying his or her message to the environment in which a computer detects and interprets signals from different modalities. We show some naturally arising problems but do not give general solutions. Rather we decide to perform more detailed research on reference resolution in uni-modal contexts to obtain methods generalizable to multi-modal contexts. Since we try to build applications for a Dutch audience and since hardly any research has been done on reference resolution for Dutch, we give results on the resolution of anaphoric and deictic references in Dutch texts. We hope to be able to extend these results to our multimodal contexts later
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