4,239 research outputs found
Evaluation of Clustering and Multi-hop Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Sensor Networks
Mobile ad-hoc sensor networks (MASNETs) have
promised a wide variety of applications such as military sensor
networks to detect and gain as much as possible about enemy
movements and explosions. Most of these applications can be
deployed either in static or mobile environment. In static WSNs,
the change of sensor nodes topology is normally caused by
node failure which is due to energy depletion. However, in
MASNETs, the main reason of the topology change is caused
by the node movement. Since the sensor nodes are limited in
power supply and have a low radio frequency coverage, they
are easily losing their connection with neighbours and difficult
to transmit their packets towards sink node. The reconnection
process from one node to another node consumes more energy
that related to control packets. One of the techniques to conserve
more energy is through topology management using clustering
network. A HEED (Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed) is one
of the clustering algorithm for sensor networks. In HEED, a
node is elected to become a cluster head based on its residual
energy and its communication cost in its neighbourhood. HEED
clusters the network in a constant number of iterations, elects
cluster heads that are well-distributed in the network, and incurs
low message and communication overhead. In this research
work, through extensive simulation we evaluated the capability
of HEED on how far it can react to network topology change
in MASNETs by comparing its performance with Surge multihop
routing protocol in both static and mobile environment. We
investigated the performance of both HEED and Surge in terms
of the average percentage of packet loss and the average total
energy consumption with various simulation times. From the
detailed simulation results and analysis, HEED performs better
than Surge in term of energy consumption in static network, but
not performs as expected in mobile environment
Overlapping Multi-hop Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks
Clustering is a standard approach for achieving efficient and scalable
performance in wireless sensor networks. Traditionally, clustering algorithms
aim at generating a number of disjoint clusters that satisfy some criteria. In
this paper, we formulate a novel clustering problem that aims at generating
overlapping multi-hop clusters. Overlapping clusters are useful in many sensor
network applications, including inter-cluster routing, node localization, and
time synchronization protocols. We also propose a randomized, distributed
multi-hop clustering algorithm (KOCA) for solving the overlapping clustering
problem. KOCA aims at generating connected overlapping clusters that cover the
entire sensor network with a specific average overlapping degree. Through
analysis and simulation experiments we show how to select the different values
of the parameters to achieve the clustering process objectives. Moreover, the
results show that KOCA produces approximately equal-sized clusters, which
allows distributing the load evenly over different clusters. In addition, KOCA
is scalable; the clustering formation terminates in a constant time regardless
of the network size
Routing efficiency in wireless sensor-actor networks considering semi-automated architecture
Wireless networks have become increasingly popular and advances in wireless communications and electronics have enabled the development of different kind of networks such as Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (WSANs). These networks have different kind of characteristics, therefore new protocols that fit their features should be developed. We have developed a simulation system to test MANETs, WSNs and WSANs. In this paper, we consider the performance behavior of two protocols: AODV and DSR using TwoRayGround model and Shadowing model for lattice and random topologies. We study the routing efficiency and compare the performance of two protocols for different scenarios. By computer simulations, we found that for large number of nodes when we used TwoRayGround model and random topology, the DSR protocol has a better performance. However, when the transmission rate is higher, the routing efficiency parameter is unstable.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Proactive Highly Ambulatory Sensor Routing (PHASeR) protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks
This paper presents a novel multihop routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks called PHASeR (Proactive Highly Ambulatory Sensor Routing). The proposed protocol
uses a simple hop-count metric to enable the dynamic and robust routing of data towards the sink in mobile environments. It is motivated by the application of radiation mapping by unmanned vehicles, which requires the reliable and timely delivery of regular measurements to the sink. PHASeR maintains a gradient metric in mobile environments by using a global TDMA MAC layer. It also uses the technique of blind forwarding to pass messages through the network in a multipath manner. PHASeR is analysed mathematically based on packet delivery ratio, average packet delay, throughput and overhead. It is then simulated with varying mobility, scalability and traffic loads. The protocol gives good results over all measures, which suggests that it may also be suitable for a wider array of emerging applications
- âŚ