1,465 research outputs found

    Indoor free space optics link under the weak turbulence regime: measurements and model validation

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    This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in [journal] and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record is available at IET Digital LibraryIn this study, the authors present the measurements performed on a free space optics (FSO) communications link using an indoor atmospheric chamber. In particular, the authors have generated several different optical turbulence conditions, demonstrating how even the weak turbulence regime can strongly affect the FSO link performance. The authors have carried out an in-depth analysis of the data collected during the measurements, and calculated the turbulence strength (i.e. scintillation index and Rytov variance) and the important performance metrics (i.e. the Q-factor and bit error rate) to evaluate the FSO link quality. Moreover, the authors have tested, for the first time, an appositely developed temporally-correlated gamma-gamma channel model to generate the temporal irradiance fluctuations observed at the receiver. This has been accomplished by using a complete analysis tool that enables the authors to fully simulate the experimental FSO link. Finally, the authors compare the generated time-series with the collected experimental data, showing a good agreement and thus proving the effectiveness of the model.This work was supported by the European Space Agency under grant no. 5401001020. We are very grateful to Dr. E. Armandillo for enlightening discussions. J. Perez's work was support by Spanish MINECO Juan de la Cierva Fellowship JCI-2012-14805. This research project falls within the frame of COST ICT Action IC1101 - Optical Wireless Communications - An Emerging Technology (OPTICWISE).Pernice, R.; Ando, A.; Cardinale, M.; Curcio, L.; Stivala, S.; Parisi, A.; Busacca, AC.... (2015). Indoor free space optics link under the weak turbulence regime: measurements and model validation. IET Communications. 9(1):62-70. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2014.0432S627091Tsukamoto, K., Hashimoto, A., Aburakawa, Y., & Matsumoto, M. (2009). The case for free space. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 10(5), 84-92. doi:10.1109/mmm.2009.933086Suriza, A. Z., Md Rafiqul, I., Wajdi, A. K., & Naji, A. W. (2013). Proposed parameters of specific rain attenuation prediction for Free Space Optics link operating in tropical region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 94, 93-99. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.11.008Nebuloni, R. (2005). Empirical relationships between extinction coefficient and visibility in fog. Applied Optics, 44(18), 3795. doi:10.1364/ao.44.003795García-Zambrana, A., Castillo-Våzquez, C., & Castillo-Våzquez, B. (2011). Outage performance of MIMO FSO links over strong turbulence and misalignment fading channels. Optics Express, 19(14), 13480. doi:10.1364/oe.19.013480Shokrollahi, A. (2006). Raptor codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52(6), 2551-2567. doi:10.1109/tit.2006.874390MacKay, D. J. C. (2005). Fountain codes. IEE Proceedings - Communications, 152(6), 1062. doi:10.1049/ip-com:20050237Uysal, M., Jing Li, & Meng Yu. (2006). Error rate performance analysis of coded free-space optical links over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 5(6), 1229-1233. doi:10.1109/twc.2006.1638639Tsiftsis, T. A. (2008). Performance of heterodyne wireless optical communication systems over gamma-gamma atmospheric turbulence channels. Electronics Letters, 44(5), 373. doi:10.1049/el:20083028Popoola, W. O., & Ghassemlooy, Z. (2009). BPSK Subcarrier Intensity Modulated Free-Space Optical Communications in Atmospheric Turbulence. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27(8), 967-973. doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.2004950Nistazakis, H. E., Tsiftsis, T. A., & Tombras, G. S. (2009). Performance analysis of free-space optical communication systems over atmospheric turbulence channels. IET Communications, 3(8), 1402. doi:10.1049/iet-com.2008.0212Bayaki, E., Schober, R., & Mallik, R. (2009). Performance analysis of MIMO free-space optical systems in gamma-gamma fading. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 57(11), 3415-3424. doi:10.1109/tcomm.2009.11.080168Anguita, J. A., Neifeld, M. A., Hildner, B., & Vasic, B. (2010). Rateless Coding on Experimental Temporally Correlated FSO Channels. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 28(7), 990-1002. doi:10.1109/jlt.2010.2040136Andò, A., Mangione, S., Curcio, L., Stivala, S., Garbo, G., Pernice, R., & Busacca, A. C. (2013). Recovery Capabilities of Rateless Codes on Simulated Turbulent Terrestrial Free Space Optics Channel Model. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 1-8. doi:10.1155/2013/692915Ghassemlooy, Z., Le Minh, H., Rajbhandari, S., Perez, J., & Ijaz, M. (2012). Performance Analysis of Ethernet/Fast-Ethernet Free Space Optical Communications in a Controlled Weak Turbulence Condition. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30(13), 2188-2194. doi:10.1109/jlt.2012.2194271Xiaoming Zhu, & Kahn, J. M. (2002). Free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 50(8), 1293-1300. doi:10.1109/tcomm.2002.800829Xu, F., Khalighi, A., CaussÊ, P., & Bourennane, S. (2009). Channel coding and time-diversity for optical wireless links. Optics Express, 17(2), 872. doi:10.1364/oe.17.00087

    Performance Analysis of Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Gamma-Gamma Fading Channels

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    Decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative communication based on free space optical (FSO) links is studied in this letter. We analyze performance of the DF protocol in the FSO links following the Gamma-Gamma distribution. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) and probability density function (PDF) of a random variable containing mixture of the Gamma- Gamma and Gaussian random variables is derived. By using the derived CDF and PDF, average bit error rate of the DF relaying is obtained.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, journa

    BPSK subcarrier intensity modulated free-space optical communications in atmospheric turbulence

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    Free-space optical communications (FSO) propagated over a clear atmosphere suffers from irradiance fluctuation caused by small but random atmospheric temperature fluctuations. This results in decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and consequently impaired performance. In this paper, the error performance of the FSO using a subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) based on a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) scheme in a clear but turbulent atmosphere is presented. To evaluate the system error performance in turbulence regimes from weak to strong, the probability density function (pdf) of the received irradiance after traversing the atmosphere is modelled using the gamma-gamma distribution while the negative exponential distribution is used to model turbulence in the saturation region and beyond. The effect of turbulence induced irradiance fluctuation is mitigated using spatial diversity at the receiver. With reference to the single photodetector case, up to 12 dB gain in the electrical SNR is predicted with two direct detection PIN photodetectors in strong atmospheric turbulence

    Experimental study of bit error rate of free space optics communications in laboratory controlled turbulence

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    This paper reports experimental results for the performance of an free space optical (FSO) communication link employing different modulation schemes under the influence of the atmospheric scintillation. A dedicated experimental atmospheric simulation chamber has been developed where weak and medium turbulence can be generated and its effect on the FSO link is investigated. The experimental data obtained is compared to the theoretical prediction. The paper also shows that the effect on the data transmission performance depends on the position of turbulence source positioned within the chamber
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