82 research outputs found
Enumeration on Trees under Relabelings
We study how to evaluate MSO queries with free variables on trees, within the
framework of enumeration algorithms. Previous work has shown how to enumerate
answers with linear-time preprocessing and delay linear in the size of each
output, i.e., constant-delay for free first-order variables. We extend this
result to support relabelings, a restricted kind of update operations on
trees which allows us to change the node labels. Our main result shows that we
can enumerate the answers of MSO queries on trees with linear-time preprocessing
and delay linear in each answer, while supporting node relabelings in logarithmic time. To
prove this, we reuse the circuit-based enumeration structure from our earlier
work, and develop techniques to maintain its index under node relabelings. We
also show how enumeration under relabelings can be applied to evaluate practical
query languages, such as aggregate, group-by, and parameterized queries
A fast Monte Carlo algorithm for site or bond percolation
We describe in detail a new and highly efficient algorithm for studying site
or bond percolation on any lattice. The algorithm can measure an observable
quantity in a percolation system for all values of the site or bond occupation
probability from zero to one in an amount of time which scales linearly with
the size of the system. We demonstrate our algorithm by using it to investigate
a number of issues in percolation theory, including the position of the
percolation transition for site percolation on the square lattice, the
stretched exponential behavior of spanning probabilities away from the critical
point, and the size of the giant component for site percolation on random
graphs.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. Corrections and some additional material in
this version. Accompanying material can be found on the web at
http://www.santafe.edu/~mark/percolation
Finiteness conditions for graph algebras over tropical semirings
Connection matrices for graph parameters with values in a field have been
introduced by M. Freedman, L. Lov{\'a}sz and A. Schrijver (2007). Graph
parameters with connection matrices of finite rank can be computed in
polynomial time on graph classes of bounded tree-width. We introduce join
matrices, a generalization of connection matrices, and allow graph parameters
to take values in the tropical rings (max-plus algebras) over the real numbers.
We show that rank-finiteness of join matrices implies that these graph
parameters can be computed in polynomial time on graph classes of bounded
clique-width. In the case of graph parameters with values in arbitrary
commutative semirings, this remains true for graph classes of bounded linear
clique-width. B. Godlin, T. Kotek and J.A. Makowsky (2008) showed that
definability of a graph parameter in Monadic Second Order Logic implies rank
finiteness. We also show that there are uncountably many integer valued graph
parameters with connection matrices or join matrices of fixed finite rank. This
shows that rank finiteness is a much weaker assumption than any definability
assumption.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for presentation at FPSAC 2014 (Chicago, June 29
-July 3, 2014), to appear in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer
Scienc
Enumerating Acyclic Orientations
An acyclic orientation (AO) of an undirected graph is an assignment of direction to each of its edges without introducing a directed cycle. We study enumeration problems regarding AOs. Our results include: an explicit formula for the the number of AOs of 3xn grid graphs and complete multipartite graphs, which answers a question raised by Cameron, Glass, and Schumacher (2014). We also provide a bijection between AOs of complete bipartite graphs with a fixed unique sink vertex and permutations with a prescribed excedance set, relating two combinatorial objects not previously known to be connected. Finally, we consider Markov chains on AOs for the purpose of efficiently sampling a random uniform AO from any graph.
Enumerating AOs is of interest for the connections they share with graph coloring. Indeed, the number of AOs is given by the chromatic polynomial evaluation at -1. This enumeration problem is also studied in computer science as a #P-complete Tutte polynomial evaluation with unknown approximability. Finally, it appears in biology as the enumeration of branched polymers, and statistical physics as the Ursell function.Undergraduat
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