Evaluation of Anonymized ONS Queries

Electronic Product Code (EPC) is the basis of a pervasive infrastructure for the automatic identification of objects on supply chain applications (e.g., pharmaceutical or military applications). This infrastructure relies on the use of the (1) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to tag objects in motion and (2) distributed services providing information about objects via the Internet. A lookup service, called the Object Name Service (ONS) and based on the use of the Domain Name System (DNS), can be publicly accessed by EPC applications looking for information associated with tagged objects. Privacy issues may affect corporate infrastructures based on EPC technologies if their lookup service is not properly protected. A possible solution to mitigate these issues is the use of online anonymity. We present an evaluation experiment that compares the of use of Tor (The second generation Onion Router) on a global ONS/DNS setup, with respect to benefits, limitations, and latency.Comment: 14 page

ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NODES COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INTERPLANETARY FILE SYSTEM (IPFS) IN SMART CONTRACT ETHEREUM

Abstract. At present all business activities are bound to contracts or agreements. A written contract has several weaknesses, the contract can be lost and damaged, it is not cost effective and one party can commit fraud. The solution for that is to use the smart contract Ethereum. Smart contract Ethereum is a computer protocol that functions to facilitate, verify, or enforce digital negotiations written through the program code. Smart contract works without going through a third party and has a credible transaction process so that it cannot be tracked or changed. But Blockchain technology is not suitable for storing large amounts of data and expensive costs, the authors combine IPFS technology on Ethereum Blockchain. So the Ethereum Blockchain only stores the hash of the file, then the hash of this file can be connected to the file on IPFS to access it. In this study a web-based DApp (Decentralized applications) system was built that implemented IPFS on the smart contract Ethereum. The final result of this study is a discussion of data integrity and Quality of Service (QoS) communication between IPFS nodes on the smart contract Ethereum as a reference for implementation of the company. With the results of the implementation it  was found that the data integrity possessed by IPFS was very good by fulfilling aspects of information security and having Quality of Service with average throughput values of56.41 Kbps, 65.81 Kbps and 79.68 Kbps, for average packet loss values of 1.92%, 1.58% and 1.06%, while the average value of delay is 24.79 ms, 25.87 ms and 17.30 ms with the average value of the Quality of Service index which is 3 which meets the "Satisfying" category based on THIPON standards.Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contract Ethereum, IPFS, Data Integrity, Quality of  Service (QoS

MEMORY ANALYSIS FOR IPFS IMPLEMENTATION ON ETHEREUM SMART CONTRACT

Abstract. Smart contract is an agreement between two entities established in the program code. All Smart contract transactions are stored on the Blockchain. But storing large data on the Blockchain is expensive, so many developers are currently creating a DApp (Decentralized Application) that integrates IPFS on smart contract Ethereum. Files will be stored on IPFS while the Blockchain only stores hash files from IPFS to access them again. Blockchain & IPFS are distributed peer-to-peer technologies for storing and distributing digital data supported by the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data. The study was conducted to measure memory usage to run the DApp web that integrates IPFS on smart contract Ethereum and find out the effect of the file size uploaded via the web DApp and the number of nodes connected in the network. The memory usage test results will be used as a standard for the memory capacity planning to implement a DApp web system that integrates IPFS on smart contract Ethereum in an organization. Based on the research result, to run a web DApp that integrates IPFS on a smart contract requires 774MB of memory. The result proves that IPFS is suitable for handling large files. The efficiency of DApp's web performance that integrates IPFS on the smart contract Ethereum are obtained by a small file size and a large number of nodes connected in a network. The smaller the file size, the less memory usage. The more nodes that are connected in the network, the less memory usage.Keywords: Decentralized Application, IPFS, Smart Contract Ethereum, Blockchain, Memory Usage

Security analysis of JXME-Proxyless version

JXME es la especificación de JXTA para dispositivos móviles con J2ME. Hay dos versiones diferentes de la aplicación JXME disponibles, cada una específica para un determinado conjunto de dispositivos, de acuerdo con sus capacidades. El principal valor de JXME es su simplicidad para crear peer-to-peer (P2P) en dispositivos limitados. Además de evaluar las funciones JXME, también es importante tener en cuenta el nivel de seguridad por defecto que se proporciona. Este artículo presenta un breve análisis de la situación actual de la seguridad en JXME, centrándose en la versión JXME-Proxyless, identifica las vulnerabilidades existentes y propone mejoras en este campo.JXME és l'especificació de JXTA per a dispositius mòbils amb J2ME. Hi ha dues versions diferents de l'aplicació JXME disponibles, cada una d'específica per a un determinat conjunt de dispositius, d'acord amb les seves capacitats. El principal valor de JXME és la seva simplicitat per crear peer-to-peer (P2P) en dispositius limitats. A més d'avaluar les funcions JXME, també és important tenir en compte el nivell de seguretat per defecte que es proporciona. Aquest article presenta un breu anàlisis de la situació actual de la seguretat en JXME, centrant-se en la versió JXME-Proxyless, identifica les vulnerabilitats existents i proposa millores en aquest camp.JXME is the JXTA specification for mobile devices using J2ME. Two different flavors of JXME implementation are available, each one specific for a particular set of devices, according to their capabilities. The main value of JXME is its simplicity to create peer-to-peer (P2P) applications in limited devices. In addition to assessing JXME functionalities, it is also important to realize the default security level provided. This paper presents a brief analysis of the current state of security in JXME, focusing on the JXME-Proxyless version, identifies existing vulnerabilities and proposes further improvements in this field

LightChain: A DHT-based Blockchain for Resource Constrained Environments

As an append-only distributed database, blockchain is utilized in a vast variety of applications including the cryptocurrency and Internet-of-Things (IoT). The existing blockchain solutions have downsides in communication and storage efficiency, convergence to centralization, and consistency problems. In this paper, we propose LightChain, which is the first blockchain architecture that operates over a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) of participating peers. LightChain is a permissionless blockchain that provides addressable blocks and transactions within the network, which makes them efficiently accessible by all the peers. Each block and transaction is replicated within the DHT of peers and is retrieved in an on-demand manner. Hence, peers in LightChain are not required to retrieve or keep the entire blockchain. LightChain is fair as all of the participating peers have a uniform chance of being involved in the consensus regardless of their influence such as hashing power or stake. LightChain provides a deterministic fork-resolving strategy as well as a blacklisting mechanism, and it is secure against colluding adversarial peers attacking the availability and integrity of the system. We provide mathematical analysis and experimental results on scenarios involving 10K nodes to demonstrate the security and fairness of LightChain. As we experimentally show in this paper, compared to the mainstream blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, LightChain requires around 66 times less per node storage, and is around 380 times faster on bootstrapping a new node to the system, while each LightChain node is rewarded equally likely for participating in the protocol

Technical alignment

This essay discusses the importance of the areas of infrastructure and testing to help digital preservation services demonstrate reliability, transparency, and accountability. It encourages practitioners to build a strong culture in which transparency and collaborations between technical frameworks are valued highly. It also argues for devising and applying agreed-upon metrics that will enable the systematic analysis of preservation infrastructure. The essay begins by defining technical infrastructure and testing in the digital preservation context, provides case studies that exemplify both progress and challenges for technical alignment in both areas, and concludes with suggestions for achieving greater degrees of technical alignment going forward