Literature Survey on IPv6 over low power personal area networks.

As there is an increase in (IOT) Internet of Things, there is a growing implementation of Internet of things in many areas in our day-to-day life. Internet of things entails the linking of different embedded devices like appliances, weather stations and even toys to the internet using the Internet Protocol. Surveys say that the number of embedded devices that are IP-enabled will outnumber the total personal computers in the near future. 6LoWPAN is the name of a concluded working group in the Internet area of the IETF. 6LoWPAN is the technology that enable small, low powered embedded devices to access the internet. 6LoWPAN is a protocol definition that makes IPv6 packets to be carried on top of low power wireless networks, specifically IEEE 802.15.4. In this literature survey, I am going to give the details about the architecture and design of 6LoWPAN, the routing protocols used, and the security and privacy mechanisms used. There are three types of Lowpans: Ad-Hoc lowpan, Simple lowpan and extended lowpan. I am going to write about the innovative ways to implement security in 6LoWPAN. 6LoWPAN is different because of its small address size and low power features. Hence, to make 6LoWPAN secure new and unique challenges needs to be addressed. The routing protocols in 6LoWPAN are very sensitive because of the limited node’s capabilities in terms of power, transmission range and so on. Hence, it is based on layering decisions: application-based, and other parameter bases

Energy-Efficient TCP Operation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many applications of wireless sensor networks require connectivity to external networks to let monitoring and controlling entities communicate with the sensors. By using the TCP/IP protocols inside the sensor network, external connectivity can be achieved anywhere in the sensor network. In such IP-based sensor networks, TCP can be used for remote management and reprogramming of sensor nodes. However, the high bit error rates in multi-hop sensor networks lead to energy-inefficiencies that reduce the lifetime of the sensor network. This paper introduces and compares two approaches to support energy-efficient operation of TCP in sensor networks: Distributed TCP Caching (DTC) and TCP Support for Sensor networks (TSS). Both concepts allow intermediate sensor nodes to cache TCP segments and to perform local retransmissions in case of errors. This allows reducing the total number of packet transmissions in the sensor network when transferring data to or from a sensor node. DTC caches and immediately forwards TCP data segments, whereas TSS does not forward a cached segment until it knows that the previous segment has been successfully received by the next hop node. We show by simulation that both approaches significantly reduce the number of TCP segment and acknowledgement transmissions. Their performance differs slightly depending on the error rate. Both approaches have also slightly different needs in buffer requirements and TCP options to be supported