Multi-hop Route Discovery Using Opportunistic Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks multi-hop routing is often used because of the limited transmission range of sensor nodes. Opportunistic Routing is a multi-hop routing for wireless sensor networks. In this routing, the neighbors of sender node overhear the transmission and f``orm multiple hops from source to the destination for transfer of information. The neighbor nodes set participating in the routing are included in the forwarder list in the order of priority. The node with highest priority is allowed to forward the packet it hears. A new protocol by Energy Efficient Selective Opportunistic Routing (EESOR), is implemented in this paper that reduces the size of forwarder list by applying a condition that the forwarding node is nearer to the destination. The path followed by acknowledgment packet follows opportunistic routing, assuring reliability of transmission and energy balancing. NS2 is the simulator used to implement the algorithm and results of simulation show that proposed EESOR protocol performs better than existing Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing (EEOR) protocol with respect to parameters End-to-End Delay, Throughput, Routing Overhead and Network Lifetime

Study on Improving the Network Life Time Maximazation for Wireless Sensor Network using Cross Layer Approach

In recent the espousal of Wireless Sensor Networks has been broadly augmented in numerous divisions. Battery operated Sensor nodes in the wireless network accomplish main task of capturing and responding to the surroundings. The lifetime of the network depends on the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. This paper contributes the survey on how the energy consumption should be managed for maximizing the life time of network and how to improve the efficiency of Network by using Cross layer architecture. The traditional MAC Layer, Network Layer & Transport for WLAN having their own downsides just by modifying those we can achieve the network life time maximization goal. This paper represents analytical study for Energy efficiency by modifying Scheduling algorithm, by modifying traditional AODV routing algorithm for efficient packet transmission and by effectively using TCP for End to End Delivery of Data

Analyzing the Performances of WSNs Routing Protocols in Grid-Based Clustering

Nowadays wireless sensor networks (WSNs) became a modern research theme owing to the various applications range in assorted fields. Clustering considered from the more efficient techniques for solving the WSN drawbacks of energy consumption. The grid-based cluster has definitely done its effectiveness, especially for networks with high dynamic, all nodes in the clusters represented and the values of data are collected from sensor nodes by the cluster head (CH). For balancing the energy consumption with network traffic, the (CH) must be exchanged between all sensor nodes and the cluster size ought to be closely determined at different network parts. The most important issues for WSN is developing an energy-efficient algorithm by Grid-based clustering for improving the network lifetime, reduced cost, and increasing the network reliability. The equipment of the sensor nodes attached with limited power sources, the Grid-Based Clustering algorithm (GBC), therefore efficiently employing the energy of the sensor nodes can preserve a prolongation of the network lifetime. The network Performances of the sensor node are largely based on the application of the routing protocols, three routing protocols OLSR, AODV, and DSR in grid-based cluster WSN are evaluated by using Qualnet simulator. The results show DSR outperforms in the range of throughput, and end to end delay, while the AODV can be considered as the best in the package delivery ratio PDR with compared to others

Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Routing for Industrial Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks

With the emergence of industrial standards such as WirelessHART, process industries are adopting Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) that enable sensors and actuators to communicate through low-power wireless mesh networks. Industrial monitoring and control applications require real-time communication among sensors, controllers and actuators within end-to-end deadlines. Deadline misses may lead to production inefficiency, equipment destruction to irreparable financial and environmental impacts. Moreover, due to the large geographic area and harsh conditions of many industrial plants, it is labor-intensive or dan- gerous to change batteries of field devices. It is therefore important to achieve long network lifetime with battery-powered devices. This dissertation tackles these challenges and make a series of contributions. (1) We present a new end-to-end delay analysis for feedback control loops whose transmissions are scheduled based on the Earliest Deadline First policy. (2) We propose a new real-time routing algorithm that increases the real-time capacity of WSANs by exploiting the insights of the delay analysis. (3) We develop an energy-efficient routing algorithm to improve the network lifetime while maintaining path diversity for reliable communication. (4) Finally, we design a distributed game-theoretic algorithm to allocate sensing applications with near-optimal quality of sensing

Link Quality Based Power Efficient Routing Protocol (LQ-PERP)

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in deploying infrastructure-less, self configurable, distributed networks such as Mobile AdHoc Networks (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for applications like emergency management and physical variables monitoring respectively. However, nodes in these networks are susceptible to high failure rate due to battery depletion, environmental changes and malicious destruction. Since each node operates with limited sources of power, energy efficiency is an important metric to be considered for designing communication schemes for MANET and WSN. Energy consumed by nodes in MANET or WSN can be reduced by optimizing the internode transmission power which is uniform even with dynamic routing protocols like AODV. However, the transmission power required for internode communication depends on the wireless link quality which inturn depends on various factors like received signal power, propagation path loss, fading, multi-user interference and topological changes. In this paper, link quality based power efficient routing protocol (LQ-PERP) is proposed which saves the battery power of nodes by optimizing the power during data transmission. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using QualNet network simulator by considering metrics like total energy consumed in nodes, throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and jitter