Efficient multi-resolution data dissemination in wireless sensor networks

A large-scale distributed wireless sensor network is composed of a large collection of small low-power, unattended sensing devices equipped with limited memory, processors, and short-range wireless communication. The network is capable of controlling and monitoring ambient conditions, such as temperature, movement, sound, light and others, and thus enable smart environments. Energy efficient data dissemination is one of the fundamental services in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Based on the study of the data dissemination problem, we propose two efficient data dissemination schemes for two categories of applications in large-scale wireless sensor networks. In addition, our schemes provide spatial-based multi-resolution data dissemination for some applications to achieve further energy efficiency. Analysis and simulation results are given to show the performance of our schemes in comparison with current techniques

Simulating and Analysing the Impact of Routing Protocols on Different Parameters of WSNs

Energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks has become an essential requirement and is the main issue for researchers. Various routing, data dissemination and energy efficient protocols have been designed for Wireless Sensor Networks where energy issue has been given more stress. Sensors in wireless sensor networks work on battery and have limited energy. Hence, network has limited lifetime. Routing protocol plays a major role in deciding for how much time a network will survive. All routing algorithms tend to increase the lifetime of WSN while maintaining factors like successful and real-time delivery of a message. This paper aims towards studying different categories of routing protocols and finally four hierarchical routing protocols LEACH, EHRP, SEP and FAIR have been simulated. The performance of each routing protocol has been measured on some performance metrics like network lifetime, packets transferred to BS, number of dead nodes etc and finally concluded that how a routing protocol can impact the network lifetime

Optimized Cluster-Based Dynamic Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture Precision

[EN] Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming one of the demanding platforms, where sensor nodes are sensing and monitoring the physical or environmental conditions and transmit the data to the base station via multihop routing. Agriculture sector also adopted these networks to promote innovations for environmental friendly farming methods, lower the management cost, and achieve scientific cultivation. Due to limited capabilities, the sensor nodes have suffered with energy issues and complex routing processes and lead to data transmission failure and delay in the sensor-based agriculture fields. Due to these limitations, the sensor nodes near the base station are always relaying on it and cause extra burden on base station or going into useless state. To address these issues, this study proposes a Gateway Clustering Energy-Efficient Centroid- (GCEEC-) based routing protocol where cluster head is selected from the centroid position and gateway nodes are selected from each cluster. Gateway node reduces the data load from cluster head nodes and forwards the data towards the base station. Simulation has performed to evaluate the proposed protocol with state-of-the-art protocols. The experimental results indicated the better performance of proposed protocol and provide more feasible WSN-based monitoring for temperature, humidity, and illumination in agriculture sector.This work has also been partially supported by the European Union through the ERANETMED (Euromediterranean Cooperation through ERANET joint activities and beyond) project ERANETMED3-227 SMARTWATIR.Qureshi, KN.; Bashir, MU.; Lloret, J.; León Fernández, A. (2020). Optimized Cluster-Based Dynamic Energy-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture Precision. Journal of Sensors. 2020:1-19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9040395S1192020Sneha, K., Kamath, R., Balachandra, M., & Prabhu, S. (2019). New Gossiping Protocol for Routing Data in Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture. 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Energy efficient data collection and dissemination protocols in self-organised wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used for event detection and data collection in a plethora of environmental monitoring applications. However a critical factor limits the extension of WSNs into new application areas: energy constraints. This thesis develops self-organising energy efficient data collection and dissemination protocols in order to support WSNs in event detection and data collection and thus extend the use of sensor-based networks to many new application areas. Firstly, a Dual Prediction and Probabilistic Scheduler (DPPS) is developed. DPPS uses a Dual Prediction Scheme combining compression and load balancing techniques in order to manage sensor usage more efficiently. DPPS was tested and evaluated through computer simulations and empirical experiments. Results showed that DPPS reduces energy consumption in WSNs by up to 35% while simultaneously maintaining data quality and satisfying a user specified accuracy constraint. Secondly, an Adaptive Detection-driven Ad hoc Medium Access Control (ADAMAC) protocol is developed. ADAMAC limits the Data Forwarding Interruption problem which causes increased end-to-end delay and energy consumption in multi-hop sensor networks. ADAMAC uses early warning alarms to dynamically adapt the sensing intervals and communication periods of a sensor according to the likelihood of any new events occurring. Results demonstrated that compared to previous protocols such as SMAC, ADAMAC dramatically reduces end-to-end delay while still limiting energy consumption during data collection and dissemination. The protocols developed in this thesis, DPPS and ADAMAC, effectively alleviate the energy constraints associated with WSNs and will support the extension of sensorbased networks to many more application areas than had hitherto been readily possible

MobiBone:An energy-efficient and adaptive network protocol to support short rendezvous between static and mobile wireless sensor nodes

To ensure long network life-time, the duty-cycle of wireless sensor networks is often set to be low. This brings with itself the risk of either missing a sent packet or delaying the message delivery and dissemination depending on the duration of the duty-cycle and number of hops. This risk is increased in wireless sensor applications with hybrid architecture, in which a static ground wireless sensor network interacts with a network of mobile sensor nodes. Dynamicity and mobility of mobile nodes may lead to only a short rendezvous between them and the backbone network to exchange data. Additionally, such dynamicity generates complex and often random data traffic patterns. To support successful data delivery in case of short rendezvous between static and mobile wireless sensor nodes, we propose MobiBone, an energy-efficient and adaptive network protocol that utilizes data packet traffic to characterize the sleep schedule. Our simulation results show that compared with network protocols with fixed duty-cycles, MobiBone offers a good trade-off between energy consumption, latency, and detection rate of mobile nodes (which indicates awakens of the backbone network at crucial times of mobile node presence)

Several Categories of Energy Harvested Routing Protocols, Challenges, and Characteristics in WSN: A Review

The routing protocol is a technique for determining the most efficient channel for data transmission. The route selection procedure, which relies on the kind of network, channel conditions, and measurement systems, presents several challenges. Routing is essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for environmental monitoring, traffic monitoring, and other applications. WSNs are small nodes that can sense, interpret data, and communicate wirelessly. Many routing, power control, and data dissemination techniques have been developed specifically for WSNs, where energy efficiency is a crucial design factor. On the other hand, the focus has been on energy harvesting and standard routing methods, which can vary depending on the design and network architecture. In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the data collected by the sensor nodes is typically transferred to the base station, which connects the sensor network to other networks (such as the internet), where it is processed and necessary action is taken. WSN has recently been developed to allow various applications, including traffic enforcement building automation, smart warfare, environmental sensing, and many more.WSN integrates several sensors or nodes deployed around a specific node to perform computational processes

Sink-oriented Dynamic Location Service Protocol for Mobile Sinks with an Energy Efficient Grid-Based Approach

Sensor nodes transmit the sensed information to the sink through wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They have limited power, computational capacities and memory. Portable wireless devices are increasing in popularity. Mechanisms that allow information to be efficiently obtained through mobile WSNs are of significant interest. However, a mobile sink introduces many challenges to data dissemination in large WSNs. For example, it is important to efficiently identify the locations of mobile sinks and disseminate information from multi-source nodes to the multi-mobile sinks. In particular, a stationary dissemination path may no longer be effective in mobile sink applications, due to sink mobility. In this paper, we propose a Sink-oriented Dynamic Location Service (SDLS) approach to handle sink mobility. In SDLS, we propose an Eight-Direction Anchor (EDA) system that acts as a location service server. EDA prevents intensive energy consumption at the border sensor nodes and thus provides energy balancing to all the sensor nodes. Then we propose a Location-based Shortest Relay (LSR) that efficiently forwards (or relays) data from a source node to a sink with minimal delay path. Our results demonstrate that SDLS not only provides an efficient and scalable location service, but also reduces the average data communication overhead in scenarios with multiple and moving sinks and sources