Distributed Resource Allocation for D2D Multicast in Underlay Cellular Networks

We address the problem of distributed resource allocation for multicast communication in device-to-device (D2D) enabled underlay cellular networks. The optimal resource allocation is crucial for maximizing the performance of such networks, which are limited by the severe co-channel interference between cellular users (CU) and D2D multicast groups. However, finding such optimal allocation for networks with large number of CUs and D2D users is challenging. Therefore, we propose a pragmatic scheme that allocates resources distributively, reducing signaling overhead and improving network scalability. Numerical simulations establish the efficacy of the proposed solution in improving the overall system throughout, compared to various existing schemes

Distributed energy efficient channel allocation in underlay multicast D2D communications

In this paper, we address the optimization of the energy efficiency of underlay multicast device-to-device (D2MD) communications on cellular networks. In particular, we maximize the energy efficiency of both the global network and the individual users considering various fairness factors such as maximum power and minimum rate constraints. For this, we employ a canonical mixed-integer non-linear formulation of the joint power control and resource allocation problem. To cope with its NP-hard nature, we propose a two-stage semi-distributed solution. In the first stage, we find a stable, yet sub-optimal, channel allocation for D2MD groups using a cooperative coalitional game framework that allows co-channel transmission over a set of shared resource blocks and/or transmission over several different channels per D2MD group. In the second stage, a central entity determines the optimal transmission power for each user in the system via fractional programming. We performed extensive simulations to analyze the resulting energy efficiency and attainable transmission rates. The results show that the performance of our semi-distributed approach is very close to that obtained with a pure optimal centralized one.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. GO2EDGERED2018-102563-TAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TEC2017-85587-RAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RED2018-102563-

Non-convex Optimization for Resource Allocation in Wireless Device-to-Device Communications

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is considered one of the key frameworks to provide suitable solutions for the exponentially increasing data tra c in mobile telecommunications. In this PhD Thesis, we focus on the resource allocation for underlay D2D communications which often results in a non-convex optimization problem that is computationally demanding. We have also reviewed many of the works on D2D underlay communications and identi ed some of the limitations that were not handled previously, which has motivated our works in this Thesis. Our rst works focus on the joint power allocation and channel assignment problem in the D2D underlay communication scenario for a unicast single-input and single-output (SISO) cellular network in either uplink or downlink spectrums. These works also consider several degrees of uncertainty in the channel state information (CSI), and propose suitable measures to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) and reliability under those conditions. Moreover, we also present a few algorithms that can be used to jointly assign uplink and downlink spectrum to D2D pairs. We also provide methods to decentralize those algorithms with convergence guarantees and analyze their computational complexity. We also consider both cases with no interference among D2D pairs and cases with interference among D2D pairs. Additionally, we propose the formulation of an optimization objective function that combines the network rate with a penalty function that penalizes unfair channel allocations where most of the channels are assigned to only a few D2D pairs. The next contributions of this Thesis focus on extending the previous works to cellular networks with multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities and networks with D2D multicast groups. We also present several methods to accommodate various degrees of uncertainty in the CSI and also guarantee di erent measures of QoS and reliability. All our algorithms are evaluated extensively through extensive numerical experiments using the Matlab simulation environment. All of these results show favorable performance, as compared to the existing state-of-the-art alternatives.publishedVersio

Fundamental Limits of Caching in Wireless D2D Networks

We consider a wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) network where communication is restricted to be single-hop. Users make arbitrary requests from a finite library of files and have pre-cached information on their devices, subject to a per-node storage capacity constraint. A similar problem has already been considered in an ``infrastructure'' setting, where all users receive a common multicast (coded) message from a single omniscient server (e.g., a base station having all the files in the library) through a shared bottleneck link. In this work, we consider a D2D ``infrastructure-less'' version of the problem. We propose a caching strategy based on deterministic assignment of subpackets of the library files, and a coded delivery strategy where the users send linearly coded messages to each other in order to collectively satisfy their demands. We also consider a random caching strategy, which is more suitable to a fully decentralized implementation. Under certain conditions, both approaches can achieve the information theoretic outer bound within a constant multiplicative factor. In our previous work, we showed that a caching D2D wireless network with one-hop communication, random caching, and uncoded delivery, achieves the same throughput scaling law of the infrastructure-based coded multicasting scheme, in the regime of large number of users and files in the library. This shows that the spatial reuse gain of the D2D network is order-equivalent to the coded multicasting gain of single base station transmission. It is therefore natural to ask whether these two gains are cumulative, i.e.,if a D2D network with both local communication (spatial reuse) and coded multicasting can provide an improved scaling law. Somewhat counterintuitively, we show that these gains do not cumulate (in terms of throughput scaling law).Comment: 45 pages, 5 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, This is the extended version of the conference (ITW) paper arXiv:1304.585

Survey on the state-of-the-art in device-to-device communication: A resource allocation perspective

Device to Device (D2D) communication takes advantage of the proximity between the communicating devices in order to achieve efficient resource utilization, improved throughput and energy efficiency, simultaneous serviceability and reduced latency. One of the main characteristics of D2D communication is reuse of the frequency resource in order to improve spectral efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, frequency reuse introduces significantly high interference levels thus necessitating efficient resource allocation algorithms that can enable simultaneous communication sessions through effective channel and/or power allocation. This survey paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the state-of-the-art resource allocation algorithms in D2D communication underlaying cellular networks. The surveyed algorithms are evaluated based on heterogeneous parameters which constitute the elementary features of a resource allocation algorithm in D2D paradigm. Additionally, in order to familiarize the readers with the basic design of the surveyed resource allocation algorithms, brief description of the mode of operation of each algorithm is presented. The surveyed algorithms are divided into four categories based on their technical doctrine i.e., conventional optimization based, Non-Orthogonal-MultipleAccess (NOMA) based, game theory based and machine learning based techniques. Towards the end, several open challenges are remarked as the future research directions in resource allocation for D2D communication

Study of Device-to-Device communication : analysis of spectral efficiency, energy efficiency and transport capacity

Orientador: Paulo CardieriDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: O modo de comunicação Device-to-Device (D2D) possibilita que dois terminais de uma rede celular se comuniquem entre si diretamente, sem o envolvimento da estação rádio-base na transmissão da mensagem. Este modo de comunicação possibilita aumentar a eficiência espectral, diminuir a latência e incrementar a eficiência energética da comunicação. Por esses motivos, a comunicação D2D tem sido proposta como uma das tecnologias que comporão os sistemas de quinta geração de comunicação celular (5G). Nesse trabalho, apresenta-se um estudo do desempenho do modo de comunicação D2D em um cenário em que terminais operando no modo D2D compartilham o canal de comunicação com terminais operando no modo celular convencional (isto é, conectados a estações rádio-base), com os terminais de ambas as redes provocando interferência mútua. O estudo foca na otimização da eficiência espectral e da eficiência energética da rede D2D, impondo-se a restrição de que qualquer alteração na rede D2D deve manter invariante a interferência causada pela rede D2D nas transmissões da rede celular. Usando elementos de Geometria Estocástica para a modelagem das redes, são derivadas expressões para os valores ótimos da densidade de terminais, da potência de transmissão e da taxa de transmissão da rede D2D que maximizam ou a eficiência espectral ou a eficiência energética da rede. Tais expressões dos valores ótimos possibilitam o entendimento da influência de diversos parâmetros das redes no desempenho da rede D2D e dos compromissos resultantes. Finalmente, se analisa a capacidade de transporte da rede D2D, sem, no entanto, impor que a interferência gerada pela rede D2D sobre a rede celular permanece invariante. O estudo da capacidade de transporte permite encontrar a distância máxima do enlace D2D que otimiza esta métricaAbstract: Device-to-device (D2D) communication allows two terminals of a cellular network to communicate directly with each other, without involving any base station in the communication process. This mode of communication may enhance the network spectral efficiency, reduce latency and increase the energy efficiency. For these and other reasons, D2D communication has been proposed as one of the technologies to be considered in the Fifth Generation of cellular communication systems (5G). In this work, we study of the performance of the D2D communication strategy in a scenario in which terminals operating in the D2D mode share the communication channel with terminals operating in the conventional cellular mode (i.e., connected to base stations), causing interference to each other. The study focuses on the optimization of the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the D2D network, imposing the restriction that any change in the D2D network should keep invariant the interference caused by the D2D network to cellular links. Using elements of Stochastic Geometry for network modeling, expressions are derived for the optimum values of D2D network density, transmission power and transmission rate that maximize either the spectral efficiency or the energy efficiency of the network. These expressions of the optimal values allow the understanding of the influence of several network parameters on the performance of the D2D network and the resulting trade-offs. Also, in this study we optimize the transport Capacity in respect to the distance of the D2D link, however, in this case we don't assure that the interference caused by the D2D network to cellular links keeps invariantMestradoTelecomunicações e TelemáticaMestra em Engenharia ElétricaCAPE

LTE 기반 기기간 통신 성능 향상 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기·컴퓨터공학부, 2016. 2. 최성현.Recently, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has attracted much attention as an emerging solution to cope with heavy cellular traffic caused by the proliferation of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs along with the increased demands for high data rate services. D2D communication is a promising technique which is introduced to one of the technology in Fifth Generation (5G) mobile network. In this scenario, allowing User Equipments (UEs) to reuse cellular resources can boost up the network performance in terms of the system capacity. In addition, reduced number of hops and shorter communication distance via direct communication between proximity UEs implies reduced energy consumption and communication delay. Moreover, D2D communications can help offload cellular traffic and avoid congestion in cellular network. This dissertation dealt with various aspects of problems under D2D network. For performance enhancement, various schemes and algorithms for D2D discovery and communication are proposed and evaluated via simulation. First of all, we investigate the interference problem occurring during D2D discovery. Every D2D-UE (D-UE) chooses the discovery resource randomly. Therefore, if the same resource is selected by more than one D-UE, mutual interference by collision is inevitable. Moreover, the collided D-UEs can not recognize the collision event in distributed D2D network. To reduce such mutual interference, interference mitigation technique is necessary. This study proposes two schemes to improve the discovery performance by alleviating the mutual interference. Since the proposed schemes are considered to operate in distributed manner, additional signaling or resources are not needed. In addition, performance evaluation of the proposed schemes and algorithm are conducted by incorporating in recent specification. Secondly, this study proposes the D2D discovery and link setup protocol model working in an LTE network. In addition, propose discovery synchronization, beacon resource and energy efficient RRC IDLE state discovery. These proposed model and discovery design in LTE-based is the first study in academia. Even though, the demand for D2D communication has increased, energy consumption is a growing concern as well. A device has to support both cellular and D2D communication, meaning that additional energy is required. Due to the energy concerns, we comparatively analyze the performance of the D2D discovery and link setup in RRC CONNECTED and RRC IDLE states. The performance analysis is conducted by utilizing the real measurement results with commercialized LTE smartphones. Lastly, we design a spatial reuse scheme which is well-known as one of the advantages in proximity D2D communication. The spatial reuse scheme is allowed to reuse one resource by sharing multiple transmitters. However, sharing the spectrum is carefully allowed due to the generating interference mutually. Especially, when two (or more than) devices reuse in proximity. This study investigate the spatial reuse problem under D2D multicast transmission and solve it with distributed manner. Moreover, this study proposes novel resource reusing schemes by multiple transmitters to increase spectrum efficiency. The performance evaluation of the proposed schemes are conducted by incorporating in recent specification, thus the simulation results demonstrate that proposed schemes outperform the baseline scheme.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Device-to-Device (D2D) Network 2 1.1.1 D2D Discovery 2 1.1.2 D2D Communication 3 1.2 Overview of Existing Approaches 4 1.2.1 LTE in 3GPP Standard 4 1.2.2 D2D in 3GPP Standard 4 1.2.3 Approaches for D2D Communication 5 1.2.4 Approaches for D2D Discovery 6 1.2.5 Approaches for D2D Spatial Reuse 6 1.3 Main Contributions 7 1.3.1 Interference Mitigation 7 1.3.2 Discovery Protocol Design 8 1.3.3 Spatial Reuse Operation 8 1.4 Organization of the Dissertation 9 Chapter 2 Interference Mitigation for D2D Discovery 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Background 11 2.2.1 Resource Selection 11 2.2.2 Resource Collision 13 2.2.3 Motivation 14 2.3 System Model 15 2.3.1 D2D System 15 2.3.2 Criteria of Discovery Success 16 2.4 Problem Formulation 17 2.5 Power Control Scheme 18 2.5.1 Power Control Performance 18 2.5.2 Proposed Power Control Algorithm 19 2.6 Collision Resolution Scheme 22 2.6.1 Beacon Design 22 2.6.2 Collision Resolution Scheme 23 2.7 Performance Evaluation 25 2.8 Summary 27 Chapter 3 Protocol Design for D2D Discovery 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Background 32 3.2.1 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 32 3.2.2 Discontinuous Reception (DRX) 33 3.2.3 Motivation 34 3.3 System Model 35 3.3.1 D2D Beacon 35 3.3.2 D2D Discovery 36 3.3.3 Synchronization 36 3.3.4 D2D Link Setup 38 3.4 Numerical Analysis 39 3.4.1 Average Power Model 39 3.4.2 Base Power Model 40 3.4.3 D2D Link Setup Delay 41 3.5 Performance Evaluation 42 3.6 Summary 42 Chapter 4 Spatial Reuse for D2D Communication 46 4.1 Introduction 46 4.2 Background 48 4.2.1 D2D Communication 48 4.2.2 D2D Group Communication 49 4.2.3 Motivation 51 4.3 Problem Statement 53 4.3.1 Criteria of Successful D2D link 53 4.3.2 Spatial Reuse Interference 54 4.4 Proposed Spatial Reuse Scheme 55 4.4.1 Range-Based Approach 55 4.4.2 Spatial Reuse Scenario 56 4.4.3 Upper Bound and Lower Bound . 58 4.5 Spatial Reuse Operation 60 4.5.1 Spatial Reuse Procedure 60 4.5.2 Spatial Reuse Grant 61 4.6 SR with Multiple Transmitters 63 4.6.1 PS-SR Scheme 64 4.6.2 P-SR Scheme 65 4.7 Performance Evaluation 67 4.8 Comparison of PS-SR and P-SR Schemes 72 4.8.1 Overhead Comparison 72 4.9 Summary 74 Chapter 5 Conclusion 75 5.1 Summary 75 5.2 Future Work 77 Bibliography 79 Abstract (In Korean) 87Docto