Emergent behaviors and scalability for multi-agent reinforcement learning-based pedestrian models

This paper analyzes the emergent behaviors of pedestrian groups that learn through the multiagent reinforcement learning model developed in our group. Five scenarios studied in the pedestrian model literature, and with different levels of complexity, were simulated in order to analyze the robustness and the scalability of the model. Firstly, a reduced group of agents must learn by interaction with the environment in each scenario. In this phase, each agent learns its own kinematic controller, that will drive it at a simulation time. Secondly, the number of simulated agents is increased, in each scenario where agents have previously learnt, to test the appearance of emergent macroscopic behaviors without additional learning. This strategy allows us to evaluate the robustness and the consistency and quality of the learned behaviors. For this purpose several tools from pedestrian dynamics, such as fundamental diagrams and density maps, are used. The results reveal that the developed model is capable of simulating human-like micro and macro pedestrian behaviors for the simulation scenarios studied, including those where the number of pedestrians has been scaled by one order of magnitude with respect to the situation learned.This work has been supported by grant TIN2015-65686-C5-1-R of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Statistical model fitting and model selection in pedestrian dynamics research

Pedestrian dynamics is concerned with understanding the movement patterns that arise in places where more than one person walks. Relating theoretical models to data is a crucial goal of research in this field. Statistical model fitting and model selection are a suitable approach to this problem and here we review the concepts and literature related to this methodology in the context of pedestrian dynamics. The central tenet of statistical modelling is to describe the relationship between different variables by using probability distributions. Rather than providing a critique of existing methodology or a "how to" guide for such an established research technique, our review aims to highlight broad concepts, different uses, best practices, challenges and opportunities with a focussed view on theoretical models for pedestrian behaviour. This contribution is aimed at researchers in pedestrian dynamics who want to carefully analyse data, relate a theoretical model to data, or compare the relative quality of several theoretical models. The survey of the literature we present provides many methodological starting points and we suggest that the particular challenges to statistical modelling in pedestrian dynamics make this an inherently interesting field of research

Propuesta de un modelo de simulación de flujo de usuarios basado en la transmisión de celdas hexagonales en cuellos de botella en la plataforma de embarque. Caso: Estación Angamos de la línea 1 del metro de Lima

La preocupación en la actualidad es la evacuación de pasajeros ante un evento de emergencia, es por ello que se realiza diferentes estudios de simulación peatonal. El modelo de transmisión celular simulará el comportamiento del flujo de los usuarios dentro de los espacios de la plataforma de embarque de la estación Angamos de la línea uno del metro de Lima, con la finalidad de obtener datos de tiempo de evacuación para que el modelo sea utilizado en futuras investigaciones. En el primer capítulo se encontrará el problema de evacuación en las plataformas de embarque, además con algunos antecedentes en otros países. Así mismo, la hipótesis y los objetivos de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se desarrolló el marco teórico que respalda la investigación de la simulación del flujo de pasajeros. En el tercer capítulo se describe la metodología a seguir para el desarrollo del modelo, desde la obtención de datos hasta la validación. En el cuarto capítulo se realizó el estudio de la problemática, en este apartado se puede encontrar los diferentes tipos modelos de simulación peatonal y por qué el modelo de transmisión de celdas se adapta mejor al escenario estudiado. En el quinto capítulo se basó en el desarrollo propio del modelo, donde se realizó la recolección de la data, preparación de los parámetros y el desarrollo del modelo. En el sexto capítulo se optó por los análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo del modelo. Así mismo, la validación mediante el software Statkey que arrojó un grado de confiabilidad de 95%.The current concern is the evacuation of passengers in an emergency event, which is why different pedestrian simulation studies are carried out. The cellular transmission model will simulate the behavior of the flow of users within the spaces of the boarding platform of the Angamos station of line one of the Lima metro, in order to obtain evacuation time data so that the model is used in future research. In the first chapter, the problem of evacuation in the boarding platforms will be found, in addition to some antecedents in other countries. Likewise, the hypothesis and the objectives of the investigation. In the second chapter, the theoretical framework that supports the investigation of the simulation of the flow of passengers was developed. The third chapter describes the methodology to be followed for the development of the model, from data collection to validation. In the fourth chapter, the study of the problem was carried out, in this section you can find the different types of pedestrian simulation models and why the cell transmission model is better adapted to the studied scenario. In the fifth chapter, it was based on the own development of the model, where the data collection, preparation of the parameters and the development of the model were carried out. In the sixth chapter we opted for the analysis of the results obtained in the development of the model. Likewise, the validation using the Statkey software that yielded a degree of reliability of 95%.Tesi