3,180 research outputs found
Diversity and Social Network Structure in Collective Decision Making: Evolutionary Perspectives with Agent-Based Simulations
Collective, especially group-based, managerial decision making is crucial in
organizations. Using an evolutionary theoretic approach to collective decision
making, agent-based simulations were conducted to investigate how human
collective decision making would be affected by the agents' diversity in
problem understanding and/or behavior in discussion, as well as by their social
network structure. Simulation results indicated that groups with consistent
problem understanding tended to produce higher utility values of ideas and
displayed better decision convergence, but only if there was no group-level
bias in collective problem understanding. Simulation results also indicated the
importance of balance between selection-oriented (i.e., exploitative) and
variation-oriented (i.e., explorative) behaviors in discussion to achieve
quality final decisions. Expanding the group size and introducing non-trivial
social network structure generally improved the quality of ideas at the cost of
decision convergence. Simulations with different social network topologies
revealed collective decision making on small-world networks with high local
clustering tended to achieve highest decision quality more often than on random
or scale-free networks. Implications of this evolutionary theory and simulation
approach for future managerial research on collective, group, and multi-level
decision making are discussed.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Complexit
Stimulating industrial ecosystems with sociotechnical imaginaries: The case of Renault Innovation Community
International audienceFacing the necessity to increase their innovation capabilities in a more and more holistic context, companies are creating new collaborative organizations aiming to collectively explore potential radical innovation fields. In this paper, we propose to study the nature of these new collectives for innovation through two managerial patterns: objects of collaboration and organizational mechanisms of coordination. Based on longitudinal collaborative research with the French carmaker Renault, the research analyses the case of the Renault Innovation Community, which involved members in original collaboration features to stimulate the industrial ecosystem of mobility and to support the potential emergence of new ecosystems. The main results of the empirical research underlined that: (1) objects of collaboration surpassed the detection of societal expectations to focus on sociotechnical imaginaries stimulation and dissemination; and (2) organizational mechanisms of collaboration exceed open innovation logics to focus on the collective building of favorable emergence conditions for new industrial ecosystems
Artificial Collective Intelligence Engineering: a Survey of Concepts and Perspectives
Collectiveness is an important property of many systems--both natural and
artificial. By exploiting a large number of individuals, it is often possible
to produce effects that go far beyond the capabilities of the smartest
individuals, or even to produce intelligent collective behaviour out of
not-so-intelligent individuals. Indeed, collective intelligence, namely the
capability of a group to act collectively in a seemingly intelligent way, is
increasingly often a design goal of engineered computational systems--motivated
by recent techno-scientific trends like the Internet of Things, swarm robotics,
and crowd computing, just to name a few. For several years, the collective
intelligence observed in natural and artificial systems has served as a source
of inspiration for engineering ideas, models, and mechanisms. Today, artificial
and computational collective intelligence are recognised research topics,
spanning various techniques, kinds of target systems, and application domains.
However, there is still a lot of fragmentation in the research panorama of the
topic within computer science, and the verticality of most communities and
contributions makes it difficult to extract the core underlying ideas and
frames of reference. The challenge is to identify, place in a common structure,
and ultimately connect the different areas and methods addressing intelligent
collectives. To address this gap, this paper considers a set of broad scoping
questions providing a map of collective intelligence research, mostly by the
point of view of computer scientists and engineers. Accordingly, it covers
preliminary notions, fundamental concepts, and the main research perspectives,
identifying opportunities and challenges for researchers on artificial and
computational collective intelligence engineering.Comment: This is the author's final version of the article, accepted for
publication in the Artificial Life journal. Data: 34 pages, 2 figure
Who Needs The Teacher?
The purpose of the present paper is to establish, define, and develop a high-level architecture for Systems of Learning from the viewpoint of interdependencies between the processes of self-organization and collective intelligence. The role of the Teacher/Manager therefore changes to the collective learning and intelligence taking the central stage. The paper also develops and justifies several views within the stated viewpoint serving better understanding of the relationship between these processes and offering a common ground for the discussion and development of various implementation scenarios
Proceedings of the Fifth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems: Professional Development Consortium
Collection of position statements of doctoral students and junior faculty in the Professional Development Consortium at the the Fifth Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems, Tel Aviv - Yafo
A multi-level approach to direct and indirect relationships between organizational voice climate, team manager openness, implicit voice theories, and silence
Employee silence impedes sustainable organizational development, and it can conceal harm for internal and external stakeholders. Established approaches to overcoming silence in organizations draw on the assumption that employees withhold their views based on deliberate elaborations on the effectiveness and risks they associate with voice. Our research aims at complementing these approaches. Applying an information processing approach to culture and using implicit voice theories (IVTs; i.e., taken-for-granted beliefs about when and why speaking up at work is risky or inappropriate) as an example, we introduce a model proposing ways through which shared implicit knowledge structures emerge in teams and organizations, and how they affect motives to remain silent. We examine parts of the model with a sample of 696 employees nested in 129 teams and 67 organizations. Our findings show that IVTs can be shared at the team and organizational level, that shared IVTs explain variance in silence motives above and beyond perceptions of organizational climate and manager openness at the team and organization level, and that IVTs function as a mediator between team manager openness and silence motives. In sum, our findings point at shared IVTs as a way to conceptualize underlying basic assumptions of cultures of silence.authorsversionpublishe
Making a name for Anonymous. Digital culture , anonymous publics and transgressie subjectivities
Recently, researchers from various domains of social sciences have been particularly concerned with the social, cultural, and political impacts of digital media. To give an account of the specific processes behind the formation of Anonymous, I develop a microsociological framework for the analysis of disembodied global forms – anchoring such forms in intersubjective reciprocity. In order to move beyond interpretative sociology’s emphasis on language as society’s integrative function, I privileged the dimensions of temporality, rhythms and patterns. I also focused on how “disembodied” internet collectives are enacted and assembled within computer screens, terminals, and the digital networks that connect them. My analysis takes into account those temporalities, projections and reflections, which point to the non-symbolic components of mediated sociality. Those dynamic interconnections behind the Anonymous collective are approached through the notions of publics, networks or even swarms.Recientemente, investigadores de diversos campos de las ciencias sociales se han enfocado en los impactos sociales, culturales y políticos de los medios digitales. Para dar cuenta de los procesos específicos detrás de la formación de Anonymous, yo desarrollo un marco microsociológico para el análisis de formas globales “desencarnadas” de sociabilidad, anclando estas formas en la reciprocidad intersubjetiva mediada. Para ir más allá del énfasis en el lenguaje como función integrativa de la sociedad de la sociología interpretativa, privilegié las dimensiones de la temporalidad, los ritmos y los patrones en mi análisis. También me enfoqué a ver cómo los colectivos de Internet "desencarnados" se construyen en pantallas de computadora, terminales y las redes digitales que los conectan. Mi análisis tiene en cuenta esas temporalidades, proyecciones y reflexiones, que apuntan a los componentes no simbólicos de la socialidad mediada. Esas interconexiones dinámicas detrás del colectivo Anónimo se acercan a través de las nociones de públicos, redes y enjambres.Recentment, investigadors de diversos camps de les ciències socials s'han enfocat en els impactes socials, culturals i polítics dels mitjans digitals. Per donar compte dels processos específics darrere de la formació d'Anonymous, jo desenvolupament un marc miocrosociològic per a l'anàlisi de formes globals "desencarnades" de sociabilitat, ancorant aquestes formes en la reciprocitat intersubjectiva intervinguda. Per anar més enllà de l'èmfasi en el llenguatge com a funció integrativa de la societat de la sociologia interpretativa, privilegiï les dimensions de la temporalitat, els ritmes i els patrons en la meva anàlisi. També vaig focalitzar a veure com els col·lectius d'Internet "desencarnats" es construeixen en pantalles d'ordinador, terminals i les xarxes digitals que els connecten. La meva anàlisi té en compte aquestes temporalitats, projeccions i reflexions, que apunten als components no simbòlics de la socialitat intervinguda. Aquestes interconnexions dinàmiques darrere del col·lectiu Anònim s'acosten a través de les nocions de públics, xarxes i eixams
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The Emergent Strategic Human Capital Resource: A Multilevel Model Incorporating Social Capital and Absorptive Capacity
Strategy scholars have exhibited interest in human capital, and in this dissertation, I follow recent work in this area to explore human capital from a multilevel perspective. In particular, I seek to answer the question of how the individual resources that are component to the unit-level human capital resource (HCR) and the collective capabilities that are characteristic of the HCR together impact performance through absorptive capacity. In examining the emergent HCR, with respect to human capital, social capital, and absorptive capacity, I seek to reconcile the tension between the preference for firm specific knowledge, skills, and abilities in prior human capital theory with the need for new and outside knowledge in absorptive capacity theory. The theoretical model that I motivate proposes that microfoundations of external social capital and depth and breadth of human capital are associated with collective internal social capital and potential absorptive capacity. Through examining those resources component to and characteristic of the emergent HCR, I explain how individual and unit-level resources relate to realized performance outcomes via absorptive capacity. This research takes a departure from the traditional view of human capital in strategy, as either firm-specific or general, by looking at depth and breadth of experience and incorporates an integrated view of human and social capital in exploring antecedents of absorptive capacity. I test my hypotheses on a sample of security analysts in investment banks
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