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Salient selves in uncertain futures
We examined possible selves during three distinct periods of uncertainty. Cancer survivors (Study 1a) and survivorsâ romantic partners (Study 1b) rated the salience of possible selves in which the cancer did (negative possible self; NPS) and did not (positive possible self; PPS) return. Study 2 mapped PPS and NPS salience throughout the four-month wait for bar exam results. Study 3 experimentally primed possible selves among participants awaiting medical test results. PPS salience correlated positively, and NPS negatively, with indicators of health and well-being, and inducing focus on oneâs NPS led to greater negative emotion and worry compared to a PPS induction, but not less positive emotion. These results illustrate the well-being implications of possible selves during periods of uncertainty
Causation and Forseeability
This chapter begins with a survey of the implicit role of causation in the writings of the early, pathbreaking economic analysts of tort law. It then clarifies the basic distinction between retrospective (ex post) causation and prospective (ex ante) causation, a distinction that forms the core of many subsequent economic discussions of causation. Next, the explicit role of causation doctrines in inducing optimal care and activity levels is examined under the strict liability and the negligence regimes. The analysis is then extended to cover several complications often plaguing the determination of causation: uncertainty over causation, joint actions among tortfeasors and unforeseeability of harm
The organization of anticorruption: Getting incentives right!
Governments and private firms try to contain corruption among their staff mostly in a top-down, rules-based approach. They limit discretion, increase monitoring or impose harsher penalties. Principles-based, bottom-up approaches to anticorruption, instead, emphasize the importance of value systems and employee's intrinsic motivation. This embraces the invigorating of social control systems, encouraging whistle-blowing, coding of good practice and alerting to red flags. This paper investigates how some top-down measures run counter to bottom-up contributions. Examples range from penalties imposed with zero-tolerance, debarment or the nullity of contracts. While top-down elements are indispensable for containing corruption they must be designed well in order to avoid discouraging the bottom-up endeavors. --Corruption,whistle-blowing,contract penalties,debarment,nullity
Between two evils: Investors prefer grand corruption!
Recent empirical studies claim that, in addition to levels of corruption, investors are deterred by its unpredictability. I claim instead that it is petty corruption that deters investors. I employ seven subcomponents of corruption for a sample of 102 countries that appear in the 2003 Global Competitiveness Report of the WEF. The second principal component of this data depicts a grand, political type, embracing corruption in government policymaking and in judicial decisions as opposed to corruption in public utilities and loan applications. Grand corruption less deters investors because they might feel belonging to an inner circle of insiders that can profit from hidden arrangements. Grand corruption also entails relatively smaller organizational effort. --Grand Corruption,Petty Corruption,Extortion,Predictability,Opportunism,Public Utilities,Laws and Policies,Judiciary
Development of Action and the Clinical Continuum
The development of action is depicted as
consisting of changes in the task-specific
couplings between perception, movement, and
posture. It is argued that this approach may
provide a much needed basis from which
attempts can be made at theoretically unifying
the constituents of the clinical continuum (viz.,
early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and
intervention). Illustrative examples germane to
this approach are given with regard to how
posture serves as a constraint on the emergence
of reaching movements and how cortical
development influences the coordination of leg
movements as revealed by a study involving
infants with white matter lesions. Particular
attention is paid to early detection and it is
recommended that further improvements to
this aspect of the clinical continuum can be
derived from combining serial qualitative and
quantitative (kinematic) assessments with
brain-imaging techniques. It is emphasized that
quantitative assessments should incorporate
experimental manipulations of perception,
movement or posture during transitional
periods in development. Concluding comments
include consideration of the timing of early
intervention
New Physics at Low Accelerations (MOND): an Alternative to Dark Matter
I describe the MOND paradigm, which posits a departure from standard physics
below a certain acceleration scale. This acceleration as deduced from the
dynamics in galaxies is found mysteriously to agree with the cosmic
acceleration scales defined by the present day expansion rate and by the
density of `dark energy'. I put special emphasis on phenomenology and on
critical comparison with the competing paradigm based on classical dynamics
plus cold dark matter. I also describe briefly nonrelativistic and relativistic
MOND theories.Comment: 15 pages, minor coorrections. proceedings of: "The Invisible Universe
International Conference", Paris, June 2009 (J.M. Alimi et al. eds.
Proceedings of the ECCS 2005 satellite workshop: embracing complexity in design - Paris 17 November 2005
Embracing complexity in design is one of the critical issues and challenges of the 21st century. As the realization grows that design activities and artefacts display properties associated with complex adaptive systems, so grows the need to use complexity concepts and methods to understand these properties and inform the design of better artifacts. It is a great challenge because complexity science represents an epistemological and methodological swift that promises a holistic approach in the understanding and operational support of design. But design is also a major contributor in complexity research. Design science is concerned with problems that are fundamental in the sciences in general and complexity sciences in particular. For instance, design has been perceived and studied as a ubiquitous activity inherent in every human activity, as the art of generating hypotheses, as a type of experiment, or as a creative co-evolutionary process. Design science and its established approaches and practices can be a great source for advancement and innovation in complexity science. These proceedings are the result of a workshop organized as part of the activities of a UK government AHRB/EPSRC funded research cluster called Embracing Complexity in Design (www.complexityanddesign.net) and the European Conference in Complex Systems (complexsystems.lri.fr). Embracing complexity in design is one of the critical issues and challenges of the 21st century. As the realization grows that design activities and artefacts display properties associated with complex adaptive systems, so grows the need to use complexity concepts and methods to understand these properties and inform the design of better artifacts. It is a great challenge because complexity science represents an epistemological and methodological swift that promises a holistic approach in the understanding and operational support of design. But design is also a major contributor in complexity research. Design science is concerned with problems that are fundamental in the sciences in general and complexity sciences in particular. For instance, design has been perceived and studied as a ubiquitous activity inherent in every human activity, as the art of generating hypotheses, as a type of experiment, or as a creative co-evolutionary process. Design science and its established approaches and practices can be a great source for advancement and innovation in complexity science. These proceedings are the result of a workshop organized as part of the activities of a UK government AHRB/EPSRC funded research cluster called Embracing Complexity in Design (www.complexityanddesign.net) and the European Conference in Complex Systems (complexsystems.lri.fr)
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