The Regulation of Commercial Profiling — A Comparative Analysis

The authors, all data protection experts, discuss the status of the relevant data protection regulatory framework on profiling in the business sector in sev eral countries worldwide, from the constitutional level to some individual regulation including the general attitude towards the topic. The EU perspective is presented on the basis of the present directives as well as the General Data Protection Regulation. The United Kingdom, Germany and France, as three of the largest EU Member States with partly highly differing regulatory approaches represent Member State law. Australia, Brazil and the US regulation exemplify the different integration of data protection standards and different models of approaching pro filing in the globalised IT world

The Regulation of Commercial Profiling – A Comparative Analysis

The authors, all data protection experts, discuss the status of the relevant data protection regulatory framework on profiling in the business sector in sev- eral countries worldwide, from the constitutional lev- el to some individual regulation including the gener- al attitude towards the topic. The EU perspective is presented on the basis of the present directives as well as the General Data Protection Regulation. The United Kingdom, Germany and France, as three of the largest EU Member States with partly highly dif- fering regulatory approaches represent Member State law. Australia, Brazil and the US regulation ex- emplify the different integration of data protection standards and different models of approaching pro- filing in the globalised IT world.*

Efficient broadcast encryption with user profiles

Broadcast encryption (BE) deals with secure transmission of a message to a group of users such that only an authorized subset of users can decrypt the message. Some of the most effective BE schemes in the literature are the tree-based schemes of complete subtree (CS) and subset difference (SD). The key distribution trees in these schemes are traditionally constructed without considering user preferences. In fact these schemes can be made significantly more efficient when user profiles are taken into account. In this paper, we consider this problem and study how to construct the CS and SD trees more efficiently according to user profiles. We first analyze the relationship between the transmission cost and the user profile distribution and prove a number of key results in this aspect. Then we propose several optimization algorithms which can reduce the bandwidth requirement of the CS and SD schemes significantly. This reduction becomes even more significant when a number of free riders can be allowed in the system. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved