A COMPARISON OF THE MOST POPULAR ELECTRONIC MICROPAYMENT SYSTEMS

The buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks is known as electronic commerce. In order to reduce the costs of electronic transactions, when one exchanges cheaper goods and services, specific payment protocols must be used. These protocols are actually the foundation for electronic micropayments, which implement simplified and cheaper schemes intended for small value transactions. In this paper we shall present and compare the main characteristics of the most popular micropayment systems used in both face-to-face and remote commerce.e-commerce, micropayment, security, encryption, Chipper, GeldKarte, Mondex, Proton, First Virtual, NetBill, KLELine, Odysseo, MicroMint

Settlement in modern network-based payment infrastructures – description and prototype of the E-Settlement model

Payment systems are undergoing rapid and fundamental changes stimulated largely by technological progress especially distributed network technology and real-time processing. Internet and e-commerce will have a major impact on payment systems in the future. User demands and competition will speed up developments. Payment systems will move from conventions that were originally paper-based to truly network-based solutions. This paper presents a solution – E-Settlement – for improving interbank settlement systems. It is based on a decentralised approach to be fully integrated with the banks’ payment systems. The basic idea is that central bank money, the settlement cover, is transferred as an encrypted digital stamp as part of the interbank payment message. The future payment systems would in this model operate close to the Internet/e-mail concept by sending payment messages directly from the sending bank’s account/payment server to the system of the receiving bank with immediate final interbank settlement without intervening centralised processing. Payment systems would become more efficient and faster and the overall structure would be come straightforward. The E-Settlement and network-based system concept could be applied with major benefits for correspondent banking, ACH and RTGS processing environments. In order to assess this novel idea the Bank of Finland built a prototype of the E-Settlement model. It consist of a group of emulated banks sending payments to each other via a TCP/IP network under the control of a central bank as the liquidity provider and an administration site monitoring the system security. This paper contains an introduction to network-based payment systems and E-Settlement, the specifications of the E-Settlement model and the description, results and experiences of the actual E-Settlement prototype.network-based payment systems; settlement systems; interbank settlement; payment system integration

Clean Power Players: Landing a Job in Clean Energy

A new, first-of-its-kind guidebook by Environmental Entrepreneurs (E2) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) offers practical, how-to advice for young people seeking careers in clean energy

Quantum surveillance and 'shared secrets'. A biometric step too far? CEPS Liberty and Security in Europe, July 2010

It is no longer sensible to regard biometrics as having neutral socio-economic, legal and political impacts. Newer generation biometrics are fluid and include behavioural and emotional data that can be combined with other data. Therefore, a range of issues needs to be reviewed in light of the increasing privatisation of ‘security’ that escapes effective, democratic parliamentary and regulatory control and oversight at national, international and EU levels, argues Juliet Lodge, Professor and co-Director of the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence at the University of Leeds, U

Spartan Daily, March 3, 2004

Volume 122, Issue 23https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/9958/thumbnail.jp

Spartan Daily, March 3, 2004

Volume 122, Issue 23https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/9958/thumbnail.jp

A Survey of the European Security Market

This document synthesizes the results of the research made on the European security market. It deals with questions of interest regarding the provision of security goods and services for protecting society from terrorism and organised crime. It explores issues such as market revenues, demand and supply, industrial capabilities, technology, research and development, innovation, business strategies, competition as well as market structure, agents' conduct and economic performance. The research has been based upon desk analysis of open source information related to the security market. Economic theory and critical analysis has been applied to understand the gathered information, derive knowledge, point out key issues and assess trends and drivers that will likely shape the sector's future. The study is the outcome of the working package number 5 included in the research project A new Agenda for European Security Economics (EUSECON). This project with code number 218195 has been financed by the European Commission within the 7th European Research Framework Programme. The task has been performed by the company ISDEFE according to the scope and work plan described in the EUSECON proposal. The author wishes to express his appreciation to all the individuals that have provided input and valuable comments to this study, including anonymous referees. Any flaws or omissions contained in this document are solely the responsibility of the author.

The Cryptoeconomy: October 2014

https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/center_for_business_and_financial_law_projects/1008/thumbnail.jp

The Cryptoeconomy: October 2014

https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/center_for_business_and_financial_law_projects/1008/thumbnail.jp