A Framework for Scaffolding Learners' Self-Regulation in a Flipped Classroom Learning Environment

Self-regulated learning is learning that is derived from a student’s self-regulated thoughts and it is strategically oriented towards their learning goals. The need to guide and monitor students’ self-regulation is crucial since it has become an integral part of their learning process. Throughout the process, technologies also have been integrated into the educational scene, and one of the approaches that exist nowadays is flipped classrooms. Previous research has proven that if a student’s self-regulation is being monitored, their performance might as well increase, along with their selfregulation skills. As a result, this paper proposes a framework for scaffolding students’ self-regulation in a flipped classroom learning environment. The proposed framework may be useful to practitioners and online learning instructors. The implication of a self-regulated flipped classroom approach towards students’ self-regulation and students’ achievement in learning have been discussed. Finally, the success factors for implementing the proposed framework and some future research directions have also been discussed. Keywords: scaffolding; self-regulated; flipped classroom; performanc

Self-Regulated Learning in a Pandemic: Implementing the SEE Framework in an Online Teaching Environment

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is a cyclical process that motivates students and facilitates achievement in a variety of domains (Wang, 2013). It entails several processes, such as planning, setting goals, using learning strategies, self-monitoring, reflecting, and holding adaptive motivational beliefs. Moreover, SRL can be developed through interventions and classroom practices. However, there is a shortage of trained interventionists. Teachers can also use a variety of classroom practices to develop students’ SRL skills. A framework of practices, known as the Settings, Events, and Exchanges (SEE) framework, was developed to organize these classroom practices for teachers (Callan et al., 2020). The practices in this framework include (a) the creation of a setting that is conducive to SRL, (b) student-teacher exchanges that facilitate the development of SRL, and (c) events that allow students the chance to reflect on their learning. Specifically, teachers can foster effective learning settings by developing supportive student-teacher relationships, implementing routines and clear participation structures, providing collaborative learning opportunities, and encouraging the use of adaptive help-seeking strategies. Exchanges that support SRL include the use of explicit instructions, modeling, SRL feedback, prompts, and connections made between the use of SRL strategies and academic success. Finally, events that can facilitate SRL include multiple opportunities to succeed, long-term learning opportunities, tasks that are both at an appropriate challenge level as well as supportive of student autonomy, self-assessment, peer co-learning, and the use of SRL worksheets (Callan et al., 2020). The SEE framework was developed to support SRL development in traditional, in person classrooms. In light of the fact that online learning elicits a greater need for SRL, the purpose of this presentation is to examine which SEE framework practices do and do not have empirical support within online learning environments. Doing so provides practical support for teachers and identifies research gaps for researchers

Gamified metacognitive prompts in a higher education flipped classroom

Paper presented at Mindtrek '23: 26th International Academic Mindtrek Conference, Tampere, Finland, October 2023.Flipped classroom teaching approaches have increased in popularity in recent years. A common problem in these models is that students do not prepare properly for class. This study seeks to address this problem from the perspective of metacognitive reflection in order to equip students to be more capable of managing their own learning. A custom website was developed for use in a university-level flipped classroom. It provided students with access to their course content and also included three versions of metacognitive prompts, two of which included gamification. One version used structured gamification and the other made use of an open-ended gamification design. A between-subjects experiment was conducted across two undergraduate courses (n=58) over five weeks. The results showed no change in metacognitive awareness for the student group as a whole. However, the open-ended gamification group showed a significant difference compared to the guided gamification group. Furthermore, the structured gamification group showed a decrease in their regulation of cognition skills. This highlights the potential for bottom-up, open-ended gamification designs to be effective in educational situations where reflection is important. The article concludes with a discussion of the context-specific nature of gamification, as the potential gamification design implications based on these results.https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3616961.3616990hj2024Information ScienceNon

Blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning

This book on blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning highlights the focus on research conducted in several teaching and learning contexts where blended learning had been implemented and focused on the fostering of self-directed learning. Several authors have contributed to the book, and each chapter provides a unique perspective on blended learning and self-directed learning research. From each chapter, it becomes evident that coherence on the topics mentioned is established. One of the main aspects drawn in this book, and addressed by several authors in the book, is the use of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework when implementing teaching and learning strategies in blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning. This notion of focusing on the CoI framework is particularly evident in both theoretical and empirical dissemination presented in this book. What makes this book unique is the fact that researchers and peers in varied fields would benefit from the findings presented by each chapter, albeit theoretical, methodological or empirical in nature – this, in turn, provides opportunities for future research endeavours to further the narrative of how blended learning environments can be used to foster self-directed learning

Research of Flipped Teaching to MICE Students’ Learning Interests and Learning Effectiveness

The integration of information into teaching through methods such as e-classrooms, interactive whiteboards, and the widespread adoption of “e-textbooks” provided by publishers has equipped educators with dynamic and engaging instructional models. This is progressively becoming the norm in the educational landscape. Recently, flipped teaching methods have received significant attention. By providing online resources and multimedia materials for students to review before class, teachers can allocate more classroom time to facilitating discussions about the lesson. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted using flipped teaching in an educational setting that focused on training students for exhibitions. The objective was to evaluate the influence of flipped teaching on students’ interest in learning and overall academic effectiveness. According to the experimental findings, the group taught using flipped teaching methods outperformed the traditionally taught control group in terms of learning interest. This demonstrates that flipped teaching has the potential to stimulate student interest. Furthermore, the group that was taught through flipped teaching demonstrated superior learning effectiveness compared to the traditional teaching group, indicating that flipped teaching can enhance academic outcomes. These research results can serve as a valuable reference for future enhancements in teaching. The goal is to create a more relaxed and autonomous learning environment for students by replacing traditional textbook learning with information technology-integrated teaching

How Cognitive Engagement Strategies\u27 can improve Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: Position Paper

Students have been becoming more autonomous, which opens the window to innovative intervention that cognitively engages students. The current contexts of collaborative and self-learning, inserted in technological environments designed for Digital Learning, allow the achievement of different performances at different levels. This article’s main objectives are the identification of cognitive engagement strategies and to verify the existence of a correlation between these strategies and learning outcomes, in a higher education context. In this context, this research aims to identify what are the main cognitive engagement strategies for higher education contexts, what technological environments are available for applying cognitive engagement solutions and what correlation exists between the proposed strategies and learning outcomes, in digital learning environments.Based on an Action Research methodology, this position paper presents the state of the art regarding Cognitive Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Higher Education and a literature review. Future work is discussed

Blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning

This book on blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning highlights the focus on research conducted in several teaching and learning contexts where blended learning had been implemented and focused on the fostering of self-directed learning. Several authors have contributed to the book, and each chapter provides a unique perspective on blended learning and self-directed learning research. From each chapter, it becomes evident that coherence on the topics mentioned is established. One of the main aspects drawn in this book, and addressed by several authors in the book, is the use of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework when implementing teaching and learning strategies in blended learning environments to foster self-directed learning. This notion of focusing on the CoI framework is particularly evident in both theoretical and empirical dissemination presented in this book. What makes this book unique is the fact that researchers and peers in varied fields would benefit from the findings presented by each chapter, albeit theoretical, methodological or empirical in nature – this, in turn, provides opportunities for future research endeavours to further the narrative of how blended learning environments can be used to foster self-directed learning

Les défis liés à l’intégration des évaluations de l’apprentissage autorégulé dans les activités liées à la satisfaction des exigences du permis d’exercice dans l’enseignement des professions de la santé

How can we claim that we are creating “lifelong learners” if we are not embedding assessments of self-regulated learning (SRL) into health professions education (HPE)? A good question but one that we must not try to answer too hastily. Some may consider SRL to be such an important competency that failing to assess it disservices everyone involved in HPE, including patients. I would argue that assessment of SRL may well be justified, but that how it is measured, what we might find, and what the implications of those findings might be, are equally critical to consider. The fact is that learners in HPE face many pressures that influence not just the quantity but also the quality of their self-regulation towards learning, which measures of SRL would have to account for, to be effective. Drawing on the self-regulation literature and self-determination theory (SDT) in particular, my aim in the present commentary is to discuss some of the nuances and issues that we would need to address, if we were to move towards a unified approach to assessing SRL in HPE.Comment pouvons-nous prétendre que nous créons des « apprenants à vie » si nous n’intégrons pas les évaluations de l’apprentissage autorégulées (AAR) dans l’éducation des professions de la santé (ÉPS)? C’est une bonne question, mais à laquelle nous ne devons pas essayer de répondre trop hâtivement. Certains peuvent considérer l’AAR comme une compétence si importante que le fait de ne pas l’évaluer nuit à toutes les personnes impliquées dans l’ÉPS, y compris les patients. Je dirais que l’évaluation de l’AAR est peut-être justifiée, mais que la façon dont elle est mesurée, ce que nous pourrions trouver et quelles pourraient être les implications de ces résultats, sont tout aussi essentielles à prendre en compte. Le fait est que les apprenants en ÉPS sont confrontés à de nombreuses pressions qui influencent non seulement la quantité mais aussi la qualité de leur autorégulation vers l’apprentissage, dont les mesures de SRL devraient tenir compte, pour être efficaces. En m’appuyant sur la littérature sur l’autorégulation et la théorie de l’autodétermination en particulier, mon objectif dans le présent commentaire est de discuter de certaines des nuances et des questions que nous devrions aborder, si nous devions nous diriger vers une approche unifiée de l’évaluation de l’AAR en ÉPS

Databases and their Employment in the Flipped Classroom Learning Environment at Saudi Universities

The use of technology in education has become an urgent necessity and is no longer a luxury. This is evident through the attachment of students to their tablets, mobile phones, and other forms of various technologies. Therefore, educational institutions, especially universities and higher education institutions, must think according to the age variables and their requirements by providing interesting and attractive educational environments that suit the interests of students. In this context, several strategies based on the employment of modern technology have appeared in the educational process, perhaps the most prominent of which is called the flipped classroom. This paper aims to introduce a proposed model for employing databases in the flipped classroom learning environment at Saudi universities, based on the integration between database and instructional design models where the transition to a flexible and effective virtual learning environment suits the growing and changing needs of students; it also reviews the concept of the flipped classroom and its features in improving the teaching and learning process, as well as reviewing the database concept, its components, characteristics, and roles in developing the educational system

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF FLEXIBLE BLENDED LEARNING IN A FOURTH GRADE CLASSROOM

This phenomenological study explored fourth-grade students\u27 perspectives on the barriers and successes they experienced in flexible blended learning. Focus group interviews were conducted to gain insight into the students\u27 motivation, perceived barriers, possible changes, and their own skills and characteristics for success. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes that addressed the research questions. Students identified several barriers to participation in flexible blended learning. Internal distractions, such as losing focus, and external distractions caused by disruptive behavior by classmates were barriers. Students found video lessons to be passive learning experiences that lacked flexibility. Technology problems and glitches were also identified as a hindrance to their learning progress, leading to frustration and affecting their motivation. Despite these barriers, the students identified several motivating aspects of flexible blended learning, such as autonomy, mastery, and self-directed learning. Gamification was also mentioned as an engagement tool, with students finding computer games and software fun and engaging. Time management and work completion were identified as essential success characteristics, along with the need to manage time effectively, prioritize tasks, and do easier tasks first before moving on to harder ones. Respect and responsibility were also mentioned as crucial characteristics for success in flexible blended learning. The students also discussed changes they would like to see in the flexible blended learning classroom, with the main theme being the need for more flexibility and adaptability in the learning experience. They also expressed a desire for more teacher support and guidance, particularly with independent work. Overall, this study contributes to the current knowledge on elementary students\u27 feelings and experiences in flexible blended learning environments. The findings can be used to inform the development of strategies to support students\u27 engagement and success in flexible blended learning. Further research is needed to explore how teachers can provide effective support and guidance to students in these environments, and how to balance the need for structure and flexibility in the learning experience