623 research outputs found
Usage of link-level performance indicators for HSDPA network-level simulations in E-UMTS
The paper describes integration of HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access) link-level simulation results into network-level simulations for enhanced UMTS. The link-level simulations model all physical layer features depicted in the 3GPP standards. These include: generation of transport blocks; turbo coding; rate matching; spreading; scrambling; modulation. At the receiver side, all complementary blocks are designed, with soft-decision demodulation, and a turbo decoder using the MAP (maximum a posteriori) algorithm with 8 iterations. An analytical formula is defined that fits the CQI (channel quality indicator) dependent BLER (block error rate) versus E/sub b//N/sub 0/ results in an AWGN channel. This formula models the physical layer in the network-level simulator. A further extension for frequency selective fading channels has been defined. The network-level simulator includes propagation models that provide SNR values. Based on these SNR values and the simplified physical layer model, an algorithm selects the CQI, and determines the actual BLER at time of reception. The rounding down and delaying of the CQI reporting, which corresponds to the W-CDMA standard, has a significant impact on throughput and transfer delay of the HS-DSCH. Some compensation can be found in a modified transmission. The integration of the link-level and network-level simulators gives accurate and realistic results that can be used in more studies that focus on network layer aspects of packet based services over HSDP
Throughput Optimization in High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
In this paper, we investigate throughput optimization
in High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). Specifically,
we propose offline and online algorithms for adjusting
the Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) used by the network to
schedule data transmission. In the offline algorithm, a given
target BLER is achieved by adjusting CQI based on ACK/NAK
history. By sweeping through different target BLERs, we can
find the throughput optimal BLER offline. This algorithm could
be used not only to optimize throughput but also to enable fair
resource allocation among mobile users in HSDPA. In the online
algorithm, the CQI offset is adapted using an estimated short
term throughput gradient without specifying a target BLER. An
adaptive stepsize mechanism is proposed to track temporal variation
of the environment. We investigate convergence behavior
of both algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed
offline algorithm can achieve the given target BLER with good
accuracy. Both algorithms yield up to 30% HSDPA throughput
improvement over that with 10% target BLER
Final report on the evaluation of RRM/CRRM algorithms
Deliverable public del projecte EVERESTThis deliverable provides a definition and a complete evaluation of the RRM/CRRM algorithms selected in D11 and D15, and evolved and refined on an iterative process. The evaluation will be carried out by means of simulations using the simulators provided at D07, and D14.Preprin
Mobility: a double-edged sword for HSPA networks
This paper presents an empirical study on the performance of mobile High Speed Packet Access (HSPA, a 3.5G cellular standard) networks in Hong Kong via extensive field tests. Our study, from the viewpoint of end users, covers virtually all possible mobile scenarios in urban areas, including subways, trains, off-shore ferries and city buses. We have confirmed that mobility has largely negative impacts on the performance of HSPA networks, as fast-changing wireless environment causes serious service deterioration or even interruption. Meanwhile our field experiment results have shown unexpected new findings and thereby exposed new features of the mobile HSPA networks, which contradict commonly held views. We surprisingly find out that mobility can improve fairness of bandwidth sharing among users and traffic flows. Also the triggering and final results of handoffs in mobile HSPA networks are unpredictable and often inappropriate, thus calling for fast reacting fallover mechanisms. We have conducted in-depth research to furnish detailed analysis and explanations to what we have observed. We conclude that mobility is a double-edged sword for HSPA networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public report on a large scale empirical study on the performance of commercial mobile HSPA networks
Performance evaluation of VoIP and web services in HSDPA
During the last years, the mobile communications market in the western developed
countries has reached a standstill, with a market penetration higher than 100% in most
countries such as, Spain 115%, United Kingdom 120% and Italy with more than
150%.
So the network operators have focused their strategy in moving into a new market still
developing, the data, that could help the operators to increase their saturated income.
The solution mostly adopted by the operators is to offer the mobile broadband
offering flat rate schemes to the customers for a monthly fee. The mobile broadband
appeals to wide range of users, such as corporate users and especially to students
which give them the liberty to access internet across different locations such as
university, cafe or shared accommodation.
That creates a set of challenges to the operators having to improve their network in
order to cope with this huge new demand for high-speed data, to successfully satisfy
these requirements, Third Generation networks must support high user data rates,
especially on the downlink direction of the communication path due to its heavier
load. For these reason, the 3GPP standardized in Release 5 the technology HSDPA
(High Speed Downlink Packet Access). The HSDPA provides a cost effective
solution to provide high-speed data to the customers specially focused to increase the
overall cell capacity thanks to the fact that the resources are shared among the users.
This project has consisted on the design of a HSDPA simulator and on the evaluation
of the performance of VoIP and web browsing traffic in HSDPA.
The idea of this project started on an industrial placement in Orange UK, in the
department of Access Network. Between other tasks the CQI (Channel Quality
Information) were modelled using samples taken from the live network.
In order to do a more theoretical analysis and make use of the CQI modelling, after
the placement, the design of the complete simulator has been made under the direction
of Professor Ferran Casadevall.
The objective of this project is then to simulate an HSDPA cell in different
conditions, specially focused in different cell loading conditions such as:
· Different number of users, up to 100 users per cell.
· Different traffic profiles, choosing between VoIP and web users.
Once the simulations have been carried out, the results have been analysed in detail,
offering figures and facts of how the throughput and the traffic delay changes with
different load conditions. As both the VoIP and web traffic have different thresholds
of maximum delay defined by international entities, the simulations could be used to
asses to define, the maximum number of HSPDA users in cell. This will help to
capacity planners to decide the rollout strategy, based on the simulation results.
This project has been developed with the tool Matlab. This tool has been chosen
because it allows an effective code development and at the same time it is very useful
to produce graphics and to compute difficult numerical calculations
EVEREST IST - 2002 - 00185 : D23 : final report
Deliverable públic del projecte europeu EVERESTThis deliverable constitutes the final report of the project IST-2002-001858 EVEREST. After its successful completion, the project presents this document that firstly summarizes the context, goal and the approach objective of the project. Then it presents a concise summary of the major goals and results, as well as highlights the most valuable lessons derived form the project work. A list of deliverables and publications is included in the annex.Postprint (published version
Quality of service optimization of multimedia traffic in mobile networks
Mobile communication systems have continued to evolve beyond the currently deployed Third
Generation (3G) systems with the main goal of providing higher capacity. Systems beyond 3G
are expected to cater for a wide variety of services such as speech, data, image transmission,
video, as well as multimedia services consisting of a combination of these. With the air interface
being the bottleneck in mobile networks, recent enhancing technologies such as the High Speed
Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), incorporate major changes to the radio access segment of
3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). HSDPA introduces new features
such as fast link adaptation mechanisms, fast packet scheduling, and physical layer retransmissions
in the base stations, necessitating buffering of data at the air interface which presents a
bottleneck to end-to-end communication. Hence, in order to provide end-to-end Quality of
Service (QoS) guarantees to multimedia services in wireless networks such as HSDPA, efficient
buffer management schemes are required at the air interface.
The main objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate solutions that will address the
QoS optimization of multimedia traffic at the radio link interface of HSDPA systems. In the
thesis, a novel queuing system known as the Time-Space Priority (TSP) scheme is proposed for
multimedia traffic QoS control. TSP provides customized preferential treatment to the constituent
flows in the multimedia traffic to suit their diverse QoS requirements. With TSP queuing, the
real-time component of the multimedia traffic, being delay sensitive and loss tolerant, is given
transmission priority; while the non-real-time component, being loss sensitive and delay tolerant,
enjoys space priority. Hence, based on the TSP queuing paradigm, new buffer managementalgorithms are designed for joint QoS control of the diverse components in a multimedia session
of the same HSDPA user. In the thesis, a TSP based buffer management algorithm known as the
Enhanced Time Space Priority (E-TSP) is proposed for HSDPA. E-TSP incorporates flow
control mechanisms to mitigate congestion in the air interface buffer of a user with multimedia
session comprising real-time and non-real-time flows. Thus, E-TSP is designed to provide
efficient network and radio resource utilization to improve end-to-end multimedia traffic
performance. In order to allow real-time optimization of the QoS control between the real-time
and non-real-time flows of the HSDPA multimedia session, another TSP based buffer management
algorithm known as the Dynamic Time Space Priority (D-TSP) is proposed. D-TSP
incorporates dynamic priority switching between the real-time and non-real-time flows. D-TSP
is designed to allow optimum QoS trade-off between the flows whilst still guaranteeing the
stringent real-time component’s QoS requirements. The thesis presents results of extensive
performance studies undertaken via analytical modelling and dynamic network-level HSDPA
simulations demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed TSP queuing system and the TSP
based buffer management schemes
The performance of HSDPA-HDR in delay constrained applications: closed-form expressions
Scheduling in a Downlink channel based on partial Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) is carried out through an opportunistic technique. Within a more practical perspective, this paper first presents a transmission strategy where a minimum rate per user is required, which in a wireless fading scenario, can only be
guaranteed under a certain system outage constraint. This minimum rate is demanded within a given time interval to satisfy maximum delay restrictions for the user application. Closed form expressions for maximum scheduling delay and maximum jitter are obtained, standing as possible Quality of Service (QoS) indicators for the system
behaviour. The derived expressions are then tested via simulations in several transmission scenarios.Postprint (published version
Indoor Radio Measurement and Planning for UMTS/HSPDA with Antennas
Over the last decade, mobile communication networks have evolved tremendously with a key focus on providing high speed data services in addition to voice. The third generation of mobile networks in the form of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is already offering revolutionary mobile broadband experience to its users by deploying High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) as its packet-data technology. With data speeds up to 14.4 Mbps and ubiquitous mobility, HSDPA is anticipated to become a preferred broadband access medium for end-users via mobile phones, laptops etc. While majority of these end-users are located indoors most of the time, approximately 70-80% of the HSDPA traffic is estimated to originate from inside buildings. Thus for network operators, indoor coverage has become a necessity for technical and business reasons.
Macro-cellular (outdoor) to indoor coverage is a natural inexpensive way of providing network coverage inside the buildings. However, it does not guarantee sufficient link quality required for optimal HSDPA operation. On the contrary, deploying a dedicated indoor system may be far too expensive from an operator\u27s point of view. In this thesis, the concept is laid for the understanding of indoor radio wave propagation in a campus building environment which could be used to plan and improve outdoor-to-indoor UMTS/HSDPA radio propagation performance. It will be shown that indoor range performance depends not only on the transmit power of an indoor antenna, but also on the product\u27s response to multipath and obstructions in the environment along the radio propagation path.
An extensive measurement campaign will be executed in different indoor environments analogous to easy, medium and hard radio conditions. The effects of walls, ceilings, doors and other obstacles on measurement results would be observed.
Chapter one gives a brief introduction to the evolution of UMTS and HSDPA. It goes on to talk about radio wave propagation and some important properties of antennas which must be considered when choosing an antenna for indoor radio propagation. The challenges of in-building network coverage and also the objectives of this thesis are also mentioned in this chapter.
The evolution and standardization, network architecture, radio features and most importantly, the radio resource management features of UMTS/HSDPA are given in chapter two. In this chapter, the reason why Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) was specified and selected for 3G (UMTS) systems would be seen. The architecture of the radio access network, interfaces with the radio access network between base stations and radio network controllers (RNC), and the interface between the radio access network and the core network are also described in this chapter. The main features of HSDPA are mentioned at the end of the chapter.
In chapter three the principles of the WCDMA air interface, including spreading, Rake reception, signal fading, power control and handovers are introduced. The different types and characteristics of the propagation environments and how they influence radio wave propagation are mentioned. UMTS transport, logical and physical channels are also mentioned, highlighting their significance and relationship in and with the network.
Radio network planning for UMTS is discussed in chapter four. The outdoor planning process which includes dimensioning, detailed planning, optimization and monitoring is outlined. Indoor radio planning with distributed antenna systems (DAS), which is the idea and motivation behind this thesis work, is also discussed.
The various antennas considered and the antenna that was selected for this thesis experiment was discussed in chapter five. The antenna radiation pattern, directivity, gain and input impedance were the properties of the antenna that were taken into consideration. The importance of the choice of the antenna for any particular type of indoor environment is also mentioned.
In chapter six, the design and fabrication of the monopole antennas used for the experimental measurement is mentioned. The procedure for measurement and the equipment used are also discussed. The results gotten from the experiment are finally analyzed and discussed. In this chapter the effect of walls, floors, doors, ceilings and other obstacles on radio wave propagation will be seen.
Finally, chapter seven concludes this thesis work and gives some directions for future work
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