4 research outputs found

    Determination of Pozzolanic activity of Buffalo Dung Ash to utilize as cement replacement material in concrete

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    Increasing construction activity around the globe has raised the demand for cement to 4.4 giga-tonnes/year, making it costlier, and its consumption second to water. Meanwhile, a tonne of clinker produces a tonne of CO2 on a large consumption of natural resources of raw materials and energy of 10–11 EJ/year, which is why an affordable and environmentally sustainable substitute for cement is needed today. Pakistan possesses more than 30 million buffalos. Each can produce up to 15 kg of dung per day, resulting in 450 million kg of dung produced in Pakistan alone. This research aims to investigate the pozzolanic activity of Buffalo dung ash and determine the optimum conditions for developing the ash, along with the optimum dosage as cement replacing material in Normal concrete. For this purpose, five buffalo dung ash samples were prepared by calcining the dung in a muffle furnace for a 1-hour duration at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, and after cooling, sieving through a No. 100 sieve. The Strength Activity Index was determined as per ASTM C311. The results showed that developed ash at 600oC has a maximum Strength Activity Index of 94.2%, meeting the ASTM C618 standards for pozzolanic material, which was further confirmed by X-ray Fluorescence analysis. Furthermore, when 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of this ash were used as cement substitutes in concrete, the compressive strength increased by 11.2% on 10% substitution compared to the control mix. Based on the parameters investigated, it was found optimal to replace 10% of the cement in the concrete with buffalo dung calcined at 600°C for 1 hour

    Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams by using rice husk ash as partial replacement of fine aggregates in cement concrete

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    Rice Husk has been utilized as a mineral admixture, cement replacement option, and filler in cement concrete as it provides several advantages such as improved strength values and environmental benefits related to the disposal of waste materials and to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from production of cement worldwide. In this study, flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams using rice husk ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregates is investigated. For this purpose, four types of concrete mixtures were produced using rice husk ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregates at replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The produced reinforced rice husk ash concrete prism specimens were cured in water and tested to determine the ultimate load and ultimate deflection at 28 days of curing. The test results depicted that, the maximum ultimate load carried by reinforced rice husk ash concrete beam is 39.4 KN with 10% rice husk ash at 28 days and minimum ultimate load is 19.02 KN with 20% rice husk ash used as a partial substitute of fine aggregates at 28 days. The minimum ultimate deflection of 0.97mm occurred with 10% rice husk ash as a partial replacement of fine aggregate at 28 days of curing. Hence, this study concludes that 10% RHA can be utilized as a partial replacement of fine aggregates to provide strength in concrete and to reduce the environmental burden of rice husk waste. The results of this study will also provide a way forward to address the recent issues in construction sector, such as depletion of raw materials and increasing cost of construction

    The assessment on the acceptance of waste materials as a partial cement replacement in Malaysia construction industry

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    In Malaysia, the construction works have been increasing in several years. However, the increased number of construction works have led to an increase of cement production. The production of cement itself has caused wider environmental implications which is the main cause of global threat issues. To control the problem, several researches has been conducted in the past few decades to find new waste materials that have the same chemical and mechanical properties which can be used as a partial cement replacement in construction. Most of the results showed a positive performance of concrete containing waste materials, unfortunately this research stopped at the research stage only where all of these waste materials are rarely used in the construction industry. This is because, most industry in Malaysia do not use these waste materials as a partial cement replacement in their construction work due to unclear reasons. Therefore, this study has been conducted to investigate the factors of un-utilizing of waste materials as a partial cement replacement in Malaysia’s construction industry from an industrial perspective. This study aims to investigate the acceptance of waste materials as a partial cement replacement. To achieve that aim, the objectives are to (1) To analyse the properties and performance of waste materials in concrete; (2) To identify the factors of un-utilizing waste materials as a material for partial cement replacement (3) To identify a suitable solution to utilize the use of waste materials in the Malaysian construction industry. The first objective can be achieved by intensive literature review on the properties and performance of waste materials in concrete and an interview session with 10 experts from the government and private sector which are Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), registered contractor Class G1-G7, consultants as well as suppliers. To achieve second and third objective, a total of 140 sets of questionnaire surveys were distributed to all the respondents from a construction site background in Malaysia. The data obtained from the interview sessions and questionnaire design on the factors of un-utilizing of waste materials as a partial cement replacement and the solutions to overcome the related problems has been analysed by using the Relative Importance Index method (RII). Before conducting the RII, Common Method Bias (CMB) and Cronbach’s Alpha analysis, ɑ has been conducted to investigate the reliability of the study and the results for CMB is 32.665 % and ɑ=0.976. From the RII analysis, the main factors of un-utilizing of waste materials are (1) The company, client and end user are unfamiliar with the type of waste materials available; (2) The company, client and end user fear a product failure and service life of construction using waste materials, (3) Lack of quantitative data on the properties of concrete using waste materials; (4) Company, client and end user fear that the quality of concrete containing waste materials are not the same with the quality of normal concrete; (5) Lack of general knowledge regarding the usage and benefits of waste materials; (6) The company is not sure of the buyer’s acceptance; (7) Lack of market to buy waste materials; (8) Lack of equipment to process the waste materials before used in cement; (9) The company does not have special permits and regulations to use waste materials; (10) Extra space needed to store waste materials before been used; (11) Financial and time constraints in processing waste materials. Therefore, the suitable solutions are; (1) Industry should be more open and innovative; (2) Universities and industry should create a better connection; (3) More research, analysis and data regarding waste materials should be done; (4) More educational programmes and conferences should be conducted; (5) Government should play a role by approving and including the usage of waste materials in a clause. Thus, this study can be a reference to overcome the study problem

    Effect of Polypropylene Fibre on the Strength of Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash

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