Efecto nutracéutico del Anacardium occidentale en dietas de pollitas ponedoras de reemplazo

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto nutracéutico del polvo de hojas y retoños de Anacardium occidentale (AO) en dietas de pollitas ponedoras de remplazo. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 240 pollitas White Leghorn (L-33) de un día de edad, que se ubicaron durante 35 días, según diseño completamente aleatorizado, con niveles de adición de 0, 0.5, 1.5 y 2.5% de polvo de hojas y retoños de Anacardium occidentale en las dietas. Se determinaron en las pollitas, los indicadores productivos, peso absoluto y relativo de los órganos inmunes, vísceras, accesorios e intestinos, la hipersensibilidad intestinal y la glucosa sérica. Resultados. El peso vivo final, consumo de alimento, peso del timo, bolsa de Fabricio y colon + recto en las aves con el tracto gastrointestinal vacío y lleno, fue favorable con la adición de 0.5% de polvo AO, con diferencias significativas (p≤0.05). El consumo acumulado, el consumo de polvo AO y taninos se incrementaron en las aves con la adición de 1.5 y 2.5% de polvo AO con respecto al control; no obstante los indicadores productivos para estos animales se deprimieron. La adición del polvo de AO, no deterioró el peso relativo de las vísceras (corazón, hígado y riñón) en las aves, además redujo la hipersensibilidad intestinal y la glucosa sérica. Conclusiones. La adición de 0.5% de polvo de hojas y retoños de AO como nutracéutico en las dietas de pollitas ponedoras de remplazo, mejoró los indicadores productivos y el peso de los órganos inmunes; además, la adición del polvo AO en las dietas disminuyó la hipersensibilidad intestinal y la glucosa sérica

Antidiarrheal Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. Leaf Powder on Newborn Chicks

To evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf powder, 45 two-day old White Leghorn hybrid chicks (L-33) were included in an experiment following a completely randomized design with three treatments, for 8 hours. The feed treatments consisted in basal diet (BD), BD + 1.0 % of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf powder, and BD + 1.5 % of A. occidentale leaf powder. The consumption of feeds accumulated and the initial and final live weights were determined. Besides, the incidence of diarrhea was calculated at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after inducing diarrhea with castor oil. Then, five chicks were sacrificed per treatment; the accessory organs of the immune system and the viscera were weighed. The intestinal pH was analyzed and the hematocrit levels were measured. The initial and final live weights, and feed consumption of the newborn diarrheal chickens remained stable (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Likewise, the liver, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, the relative weights of the small and large intestines, and the intestinal pH, did not have statistically significant variations (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, supplementation with the medicinal powder changed (P < 0.05) the relative weight of the pancreas, heart, thymus gland, and bursa of Fabricius. The T2 treatment (1.5 %) decreased the incidence of diarrhea significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. However, the experimental treatments did not alter (P > 0.05) the concentration of hematocrits in the newborn chicks. Supplementation of 1.5 % of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf powder is recommended for use in newborn poultry with metabolic diarrhea

Antidiarrheal Effect of Anacardium occidentale L. Leaf Powder on Newborn Chicks

To evaluate the antidiarrheal effects of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf powder, 45 two-day old White Leghorn chicks (L-33 hybrid) were studied for 8 hours. A completely randomized design with three treatments was applied. The treatments consisted in a basal diet (BD) + 1.0 % leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale, and BD + 1.5 % leaf powder of A. occidentale. The accumulated food consumption and initial and final live weights were determined. Additionally, the occurrence of diarrhea was calculated 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after inducing diarrhea with castor oil. Then, five birds were sacrificed per treatment and the accessory and immune organs, and all the viscera were weighed. The intestinal pH and hematocrits were analyzed. The initial and final live weights, and food consumption of diarrheal newborn birds remained stable (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Likewise, the relative weights of liver, glandular stomach, muscular stomach, and small and large intestines did not have statistical differences (P >0.05). However, supplementation with the medicinal powder modified (P <0.05) the relative weight of pancreas, heart, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. The T2 treatment (1.5 %) decreased the incidence of diarrhea significantly (P <0.05) compared to the other treatments. However, the experimental treatments did not alter (P >0.05) the concentration of hematocrits in newborn birds. The supplementation of 1.5% leaf powder of Anacardium occidentale L. is recommended for newborn chicks with metabolic diarrhea

Efeitos terapêuticos de Anacardium occidentale: uma revisão da literatura

Anacardium occidentale is characterized as a medicinal plant, member of the Anacardiaceae family. Different parts of the plant have multiple pharmaceutical properties, which are related to their derivatives and high levels of secondary metabolites. Thus, the aim of the study is to identify evidence available in the literature about the herbal properties of A. occidentale in articles published in the last ten years. This is an integrative literature review using descriptors in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) used in the PubMed and SciELO databases. In such a way, the research resulted in 603 articles and, after employing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaled 51 publications for the full analysis. 97 different properties of A. occidentale were found: anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antimicrobial; antidiabetic; healing; analgesic; effects on the digestive tract; in the autonomic nervous, respiratory and blood system; hypotensive and cardio inhibitory effects; protective against male sexual dysfunction; antimutagenic, antimetastatic and clastogenic; odontological use; toxic and non-toxic effect and others. The antimicrobial effect was the main one to be reported, however, its applicability in phytotherapy is diverse, having a significant capacity to act in pharmacological treatments if there is adequate contribution to research and development of new drugs.Anacardium occidentale Linn is a medicinal plant, member of the family Anacardiaceae. Several parts of the plant have therapeutic properties, enabling its use as an herbal medicine. Thus, this review identified the available literature data on the herbal properties of A. occidentale, considering articles published in the last twelve years. This is an integrative literature review using descriptors of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), considering the PubMed and SciELO databases. The search resulted in 694 articles and, after employing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, totaled 66 publications for full analysis. We found 98 different properties of A. occidentale: anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antimicrobial; antidiabetic; healing; analgesic; effects on the digestive tract and on the autonomic nervous, respiratory, and blood systems; hypotensive and cardioinhibitory effects; protective against male sexual dysfunction; antimutagenic, antimetastatic, and clastogenic; odontological use; toxic and nontoxic effects; and others. The main effects were antioxidant and antimicrobial. However, the phytotherapeutic use of A. occidentale is wide, requiring further contributions to herbal medicine research and development for promoting and integrating traditional medicine

Alometría digestiva en pollos suplementados con harina de orégano como promotor de crecimiento

The objective of the trial was to evaluate the relative weight of different organs and allometric changes of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers, supplemented with oregano leaf meal (HO) as a growth promoter, in mixing proportions with the balanced feed (AB). At 21 days of the starter phase and 42 days of fattening, the weight of the proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum was quantified; as well as, their respective allometric coefficients were determined; in addition, the entire small intestine. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with a total of 208 Ross line chicks distributed in four treatments: T1= 100% balanced feed (AB100%); T2= Balanced feed+0.25% oregano flour (AB+0.25%HO); T3= Balanced feed+0.50% oregano flour (AB+0.50%HO) and T4= Balanced feed+0.75% oregano flour (AB+0.75%HO), with four repetitions, each experimental unit constituted by 13 birds. An analysis of variance was performed on the quantified variables and the average values ​​were compared by Tukey at 5% probability. The concentration of 0.25% HO in combination with BA favored the values ​​obtained for the relative weights at 21 and 42 days of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, as well as for the entire small intestine. All organs showed slow allometric growth (CA<1) in relation to body weight in the initial and fattening phase, except for the proventriculus, which showed greater growth (CA>1).El objetivo del ensayo consistió en evaluar el peso relativo de diferentes órganos y cambios alométricos del tracto gastrointestinal de pollos de engorde, suplementados con harina de hojas de orégano (HO) como promotor de crecimiento, en proporciones de mezcla con el alimento balanceado (AB). A los 21 días de la fase de inicio y a los 42 días de engorde se cuantificó el peso del proventrículo, la molleja, el duodeno, el yeyuno y el íleon; así como también, se determinaron sus respectivos coeficientes alométricos; además, del intestino delgado completo. Se empleó el diseño experimental completamente al azar, con un total de 208 pollitos de la línea Ross distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos: T1= 100% de alimento balanceado (AB100%); T2= Alimento balanceado+0,25% de harina de orégano (AB+0,25%HO); T3= Alimento balanceado+0,50% de harina de orégano (AB+0,50%HO) y T4= Alimento balanceado+0,75% de harina de orégano (AB+0,75%HO), con cuatro repeticiones, cada unidad experimental constituida por 13 aves. Se realizó análisis de varianza a las variables cuantificadas y los valores promedios se compararon por Tukey a 5% de probabilidad. La concentración de 0,25%, de HO en combinación con el AB, favoreció los valores obtenidos para los pesos relativos a los 21 y 42 días del duodeno, yeyuno, íleon, así como también para el intestino delgado completo. Todos los órganos presentaron lento crecimiento alométrico (CA<1) en relación al peso corporal en la fase de inicio y engorde, exceptuando el proventrículo, que mostró crecimiento mayor (CA>1)