From the Editorial Team

The CJAS Editor-in-Chief's introduction to issue 7.

Editor-in-Chief\u27s Note

Global interaction, a perennial phenomenon among human groups, is a function of perceived need. The fact that Columbus’ contact with the New World was an accident does not discount the fact that he was seeking a new trade route to Asia—and avoiding established ones. And, this contact by that dark miracle of fate or chance altered the destiny of men and nations. Similarly, the Silk Road, the greatest land route on earth, traces trade, travel and ideas. Travel and trade, in turn, generate contact with groups beyond one’s particular culture—which, by itself, is a tumultuous journey into the unknown as mysterious, unsettling, and fraught with danger and uncertainty as any physical voyage of discovery. The cost, real or prospective, of innovation is therefore high, as is the risk. The other side of the same coin is, of course, the perceived benefit derived from successfully navigating uncharted geographic and cultural terrains. And, as evinced innumerable times throughout human history, the benefit to one group may come at the expense of another. Travel, trade and contact, in a very real, very human sense, can change the definition of what is perceived as global, as benefit, and as human. No matter how good we become, we always want to be better as thinking is our most important skill

Traditional Athabascan Law Ways and Their Relationship to Contemporary Problems of "Bush Justice": Some Preliminary Observations on Structure and Function.

This paper is directed toward helping achieve a better understanding of traditional law ways among Alaska's Athabascan Indians and of the present state of the administration of law in the "bush"-village Alaska. An outgrowth of the 1970 Bush Justice Conference sponsored by the Alaska Judicial Council, the paper's primary purpose is to help facilitate establishment of more appropriate delivery and administration of legal services for ethnically distinct populations of Alaska.Introduction / Traditional Athabascan Culture / Social Organization and Leadership / Values and Their Relationship to Law Ways / Athabascan Law Ways — The Philosophical Basis / The Pragmatic Structure and Operation of Athabascan Law Ways / Major Offenses and Their Resolution (Adultery, Theft, Murder) / Summary of Athabascan Law Ways / Law Ways and Culture Change / Past and Present Law Ways: Some Disjunctions / Reference

A Study on the Status, Citation Analysis, and Altmetric Indices of Journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Journals are regarded as the most important media for transferring knowledge and research results, accordingly their promotion is conditioned by continuous evaluation and improvement of performance. The present study aimed to determine the status, citation analysis, and altmetric indices of journals published by Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a descriptive approach with scientometric and citation analysis methods in 2019. The statistical population consisted of 5 journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist consisting of 28. Altmetric indices of journals were also evaluated. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics; and the results were presented in diagrams and tables. Results: All the studied journals had all "publication requirements. Only one journal had the requirement, "at least half of editorial board should be outside of the publication". Moreover, 37 percent of 105 editorial board members in the under examined journals had extra-organizational affiliation and only 8 percent were from abroad. The articles of "Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences” was the most-cited article regarding citation bases. Conclusions: Journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences need to revise their structures, especially for editorial board members namely being international, having an organizational affiliation outside the university, as well as the presence of editorial board members with further research activity and background

A Study on the Status, Citation Analysis, and Altmetric Indices of Journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Journals are regarded as the most important media for transferring knowledge and research results, accordingly their promotion is conditioned by continuous evaluation and improvement of performance. The present study aimed to determine the status, citation analysis, and altmetric indices of journals published by Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a descriptive approach with scientometric and citation analysis methods in 2019. The statistical population consisted of 5 journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist consisting of 28. Altmetric indices of journals were also evaluated. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics; and the results were presented in diagrams and tables. Results: All the studied journals had all "publication requirements. Only one journal had the requirement, "at least half of editorial board should be outside of the publication". Moreover, 37 percent of 105 editorial board members in the under examined journals had extra-organizational affiliation and only 8 percent were from abroad. The articles of "Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences” was the most-cited article regarding citation bases. Conclusions: Journals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences need to revise their structures, especially for editorial board members namely being international, having an organizational affiliation outside the university, as well as the presence of editorial board members with further research activity and background

The Lincoln Enigma: The Changing Faces of an American Icon

Nearly a century and a half after his death, Abraham Lincoln remains an intrinsic part of the American consciousness, yet his intentions as president and his personal character continue to stir debate. Now, in The Lincoln Enigma, Gabor Boritt invites renowned Lincoln scholars, and rising new voices, to take a look at much-debated aspects of Lincoln\u27s life, including his possible gay relationships, his plan to send blacks back to Africa, and his high-handed treatment of the Constitution. Boritt explores Lincoln\u27s proposals that looked to a lily-white America. Jean Baker marvels at Lincoln\u27s loves and marriage. David Herbert Donald highlights the similarities and differences of the Union and Confederate presidents\u27 roles as commanders-in-chief. Douglas Wilson shows us the young Lincoln—not the strong leader of popular history, but a young man who questions his own identity and struggles to find his purpose. Gerald Prokopowicz searches for the military leader, William C. Harris for the peacemaker, and Robert Bruce meditates on Lincoln and death. In a final chapter Boritt and Harold Holzer offer a fascinating portfolio of Lincoln images in modern art. Acute and thought-provoking in their observations, this all-star cast of historians—including two Pulitzer and three Lincoln Prize winners—questions our assumptions of Lincoln, and provides a new vitality to our ongoing reflections on his life and legacy. [From the publisher]https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1069/thumbnail.jp

From the Editor

Volume 10 for 2018 is finally completed and closed. This year, actually 2019, we have finally mastered the software for editing and publication so we expect to be closer to our target date in publication henceforth. We appreciate everyone’s patience more than we can tell you