What Can Laboratory Experiments Teach Us About Emissions Permit Market Design?

The laboratory provides a test bed to inform many design choices for emissions permit markets. Experiments are sometimes strongly motivated and structured by specific theoretical models and predictions, but in other cases the experiment itself can be the model of the market and regulatory environment. We review specific experimental applications that address design issues for permit auction rules, permit expiration dates and banking, liability rules, and regulatory enforcement.cap-and-trade, auctions, liability, regulation, compliance, banking, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Testing Institutional Arrangements Via Agent-Based Modeling: A U.S. Electricity Market Example

Many critical goods and services in modern-day economies are produced and distributed through complex institutional arrangements. Agent-based computational economics (ACE) modeling tools are capable of handling this degree of complexity. In concrete support of this claim, this study presents an ACE test bed designed to permit the exploratory study of restructured U.S. wholesale power markets with transmission grid congestion managed by locational marginal prices (LMPs). Illustrative findings are presented showing how spatial LMP cross-correlation patterns vary systematically in response to changes in the price responsiveness of wholesale power demand when wholesale power sellers have learning capabilities. These findings highlight several distinctive features of ACE modeling: namely, an emphasis on process rather than on equilibrium; an ability to capture complicated structural, institutional, and behavioral real-world aspects (micro-validation); and an ability to study the effects of changes in these aspects on spatial and temporal outcome distributions.Institutional Design; agent-based computational economics; U.S. Electricity Market; Locational marginal pricing; Spatial Cross-Correlations; AMES Test Bed

Designing information provision experiments

Information provision experiments allow researchers to test economic theories and answer policy-relevant questions by varying the information set available to respondents. We survey the emerging literature using information provision experiments in economics and discuss applications in macroeconomics, finance, political economy, public economics, labor economics, and health economics. We also discuss design considerations and provide best-practice recommendations on how to (i) measure beliefs, (ii) design the information intervention, (iii) measure belief updating, (iv) deal with potential confounds, such as experimenter demand effects, and (v) recruit respondents using online panels. We finally discuss typical effect sizes and provide sample size recommendations

Encouraging Revegetation in Australia with a Groundwater Recharge Credit Scheme

This paper describes a comprehensive method to design, test and then implement a Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) framework to combat the environmental consequences of extensive native vegetation clearance in Australia. Clearing of vegetation, primarily due to the expansion of farming areas, has often resulted in regional dryland and irrigation salinity. The market based approach adopted ? a groundwater recharge credit trading scheme ? was designed using empirical data from a social survey and experimental economics. The objective of the trial is to test the cost effectiveness of an incentive based recharge credit trade scheme designed to engage landholders in establishing and managing deep rooted pasture and woody perennials to reduce these adverse salinity impacts. The scheme, based on a voluntary ?cap and trade? approach, allows farmers to meet recharge obligations by land management actions or by trading credits. Assessment of the scheme so far suggests that an incentive for aggregate group outcome achievement included in the design may have motivated higher enrollment rates than would have otherwise resulted. A schedule has been developed relating land management practices and recharge credits. The audited performance based payment system, has provided increased motivation to manage for environmental outcomes compared to the previous policy.Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), market based instrument, cap and trade, salinity credit, revegetation, experimental economics

A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study Measuring the Impact of Math-Economics Cross Curricular Intervention

Research studies in the past have linked math ability to success in economics courses. However, most of these studies have utilized a quantitative study design with limited studies testing the influence of math interventions on student’s academic ability in economics courses. This study will use a convergent mixed-methods research design to quantitatively measure the impact of a Math intervention on High School 11th and 12th grade Economics students and qualitatively observe student engagement and motivation during the intervention. A causal-comparative research design will be utilized for the quantitative strand to compare math ability in economics courses between students who participated in the intervention (experimental group) and those who did not participate in the intervention (control group). Students will be selected for the intervention based on their algebra and/or geometry end of course test scores as well as Northwest Evaluation Association Measures of Academic Progress Math 6+ Growth scores. Participants must have earned a level of beginning or developing learner on one or both tests. This study will utilize cross-curriculum collaboration between math and economics departments to develop and refine the intervention. Two years of retrospective data will be analyzed because the intervention started in 2018-19 academic year in the targeted school. Additionally, the researcher will collect data on student’s knowledge in the beginning, middle, and end of semester in the 2020-21 academic year. A dependent t-test will be utilized to measure change in student knowledge during the intervention which would assess the extent to which the intervention is successful in improving the Economics benchmark test scores. A phenomenological research design will be used for the qualitative strand to explore student engagement and motivation during math based economic interventions. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative strands will occur through embedding and linking integration techniques

Analysis of Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 2019 West African Senior School Certificate Examination Multiple-Choice Objective Tests in Economics

This study analyzed the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of 2019 May/June West African Senior School Certificate Examination Multiple-choice Objective Tests in Economics at three different confidence Interval (CI). A quantitative research design of the descriptive type was adopted for the study. The sample of the study was Three hundred and Two (302) Senior Secondary School Three (SSS.3) students that offered Economics selected from twelve (12) schools in the three senatorial districts in Osun State, Nigeria and Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in this study. 2019 May/June and Nov/Dec (GCE/WASSCE) Multiple-Choice Objective Tests in Economics were adopted as instruments for the study. Data collected were analyzed using Descriptive statistics. The findings of this study revealed that the performance of students in WASSCE May/June Economics Multiple choice objective test of 2019 flagged the SEM of 4 (+ or -4). Also, the performance of students in 2019 GCE WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test flagged the SEM of 12 (+ or - 12) both at 68% confidence interval. It was concluded that 2019 May/June WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test is more precise, reliable and correct than 2019 GCE WASSCE Economics Multiple-choice objective test at all the confidence intervals. The study recommended that educators should consider the magnitude of SEMs for students across the achievement distribution. It was also recommended that test practitioners should adopted classical Test Theory (CTT) in test scoring and test precision

Cost modelling and concurrent engineering for testable design

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.As integrated circuits and printed circuit boards increase in complexity, testing becomes a major cost factor of the design and production of the complex devices. Testability has to be considered during the design of complex electronic systems, and automatic test systems have to be used in order to facilitate the test. This fact is now widely accepted in industry. Both design for testability and the usage of automatic test systems aim at reducing the cost of production testing or, sometimes, making it possible at all. Many design for testability methods and test systems are available which can be configured into a production test strategy, in order to achieve high quality of the final product. The designer has to select from the various options for creating a test strategy, by maximising the quality and minimising the total cost for the electronic system. This thesis presents a methodology for test strategy generation which is based on consideration of the economics during the life cycle of the electronic system. This methodology is a concurrent engineering approach which takes into account all effects of a test strategy on the electronic system during its life cycle by evaluating its related cost. This objective methodology is used in an original test strategy planning advisory system, which allows for test strategy planning for VLSI circuits as well as for digital electronic systems. The cost models which are used for evaluating the economics of test strategies are described in detail and the test strategy planning system is presented. A methodology for making decisions which are based on estimated costing data is presented. Results of using the cost models and the test strategy planning system for evaluating the economics of test strategies for selected industrial designs are presented

Entrepreneurship: a unit experimentally implemented in secondary vocational home economics programs

The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate the implementation of a unit exploring entrepreneurship as a career option in secondary vocational home economics programs. The study was conducted in three phases which included: (1) research on home economics related small businesses and their owners, (2) pilot test of the career exploration unit on entrepreneurship, and (3) field test of the unit in twelve secondary vocational home economics classes;A survey was conducted to determine characteristics of home economics related small businesses and their owners in Iowa. Ninety-five women and 84 men, 56% of the invited sample, completed the questionnaire in 1979. Chi square values were computed to identify significant differences between male and female owners;Female small-business owners earned less money, started with less capital, and had lower gross receipts than male small-business owners. Men had more managerial experience prior to business ownership, yet women were older than men when starting their first business;The pilot test of the career exploration unit in three classes indicated that entrepreneurship was a viable topic for vocational home economics classes. High school students were able to understand entrepreneurial concepts and classroom teachers were enthusiastic about the topic;A nonequivalent control group design was used to experimentally evaluate the implementation of the unit for the field test. Two types of vocational home economics programs were used: (1) consumer and homemaking and (2) occupational programs;Achievement test data were analyzed by class mean scores in an analysis of covariance (ANACOVA) design. Significant differences were found with the experimental group having higher mean scores than the control group. Type of home economics program did not produce significantly different mean scores. The attitude device was analyzed using class means for individual items in an ANACOVA design. Some significant differences were found, but overall impact on student attitudes was not tremendous;Teacher and student evaluation instruments were assessed by content analysis. Teacher believed career exploration of entrepreneurship was appropriate in both consumer and homemaking and occupational classes. Students enjoyed reviewing entrepreneurial concepts and exploring entrepreneurship as a career

Pengaruh Faktor Harga Dan Merek Terhadap Minat Beli Model Desain Sepatu Studi Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

The purpose of this research is to know the price of buying interest has an influence on the design model shoes on students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, knowing the brand has an influence on buying interest in shoe design students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The population in this study is on mahasiswaFakultas Economics and Business Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta and samples used in this study was taken a sample of 100 respondents. Analysis of data using multiple linear regression test, t test, F test and the coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the results of the t test analysis of price variables known to have a significant impact on the design of the shoe buying interest. Variable brand has a significant influence on the buying interest model of shoe design. Based on these results that the most dominant factor in influencing consumer buying interest is the brand. This is because the brand has a factor of 6.728 tcalculate as big as value compared to other variable is the price factor of 5.793. The test results are known Fcalculate> Ftable (84.664> 4.00), then Ho is rejected, Means jointly price variable (X1) and brand (X2) effect together towards buying interest shoes. Result design model coefficient of determination ( R2) obtained adjusted R-square (R2) obtained at 0.628, meaning variation changes the variable interest in buying shoe designs can be explained by the price variable (X1) and brand (X2) has positive influence on buying interest at 62.8%. While the rest of 37.2% is explained by other variables outside the model

ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CRITICAL HABITAT FOR THE MEXICAN SPOTTED OWL: A SCOPE TEST USING A MULTIPLE-BOUNDED CONTINGENT VALUATION SURVEY

A split-sample design is used to test for a difference between mean willingness to pay (WTP) for protecting the Mexican spotted owl versus protecting 62 threatened/endangered species which includes the Mexican spotted owl. The multiple bounded contingent valuation method is used in a mail survey of U.S. residents. The mean WTP amounts are statistically different at the 0.1 confidence level indicating the multiple-bounded mail survey passes the scope test. The range of estimated benefits of preserving the 4.6 million acres of critical habitat for the Mexican spotted owl substantially outweighs the costs of the recovery effort.Environmental Economics and Policy,