170,081 research outputs found
Time-Reversal Breaking in QCD, Walls, and Dualities in 2+1 Dimensions
We study Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in 3+1 dimensions with
degenerate fundamental quarks with mass and a -parameter. For
generic and the theory has a single gapped vacuum. However, as
is varied through for large there is a first order
transition. For the first order transition line ends at a point with a
massless particle (for all ) and for the first order
transition ends at , where, depending on the value of , the IR theory
has free Nambu-Goldstone bosons, an interacting conformal field theory, or a
free gauge theory. Even when the bulk is smooth, domain walls and
interfaces can have interesting phase transitions separating different
phases. These turn out to be the phases of the recently studied
Chern-Simons matter theories, thus relating the dynamics of QCD and
QCD, and, in particular, making contact with the recently discussed
dualities in 2+1 dimensions. For example, when the massless theory has an
sigma model, the domain wall theory at low (nonzero) mass supports a
massless nonlinear -model with a Wess-Zumino term, in
agreement with the conjectured dynamics in 2+1 dimensions.Comment: 32 pages. v2: references added, improved discussion of anomalies in
Chern-Simons theorie
Quantum Mechanics of the Vacuum State in Two-Dimensional QCD with Adjoint Fermions
A study of two-dimensional QCD on a spatial circle with Majorana fermions in
the adjoint representation of the gauge groups SU(2) and SU(3) has been
performed. The main emphasis is put on the symmetry properties related to the
homotopically non-trivial gauge transformations and the discrete axial symmetry
of this model. Within a gauge fixed canonical framework, the delicate interplay
of topology on the one hand and Jacobians and boundary conditions arising in
the course of resolving Gauss's law on the other hand is exhibited. As a
result, a consistent description of the residual gauge symmetry (for
SU(N)) and the ``axial anomaly" emerges. For illustrative purposes, the vacuum
of the model is determined analytically in the limit of a small circle. There,
the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is justified and reduces the vacuum problem
to simple quantum mechanics. The issue of fermion condensates is addressed and
residual discrepancies with other approaches are pointed out.Comment: 44 pages; for hardcopies of figures, contact
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Brane Dynamics and 3D Seiberg Duality on the Domain Walls of 4D N=1 SYM
We study a three-dimensional U(k) Yang-Mills Chern-Simons theory with adjoint
matter preserving two supersymmetries. According to Acharya and Vafa, this
theory describes the low-energy worldvolume dynamics of BPS domain walls in
four-dimensional N=1 SYM theory. We demonstrate how to obtain the same theory
in a brane configuration of type IIB string theory that contains threebranes
and fivebranes. A combination of string and field theory techniques allows us
to re-formulate some of the well-known properties of N=1 SYM domain walls in a
geometric language and to postulate a Seiberg-like duality for the Acharya-Vafa
theory. In the process, we obtain new information about the dynamics of branes
in setups that preserve two supersymmetries. Using similar methods we also
study other N=1 CS theories with extra matter in the adjoint and fundamental
representations of the gauge group.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Domain Walls in Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theories
We present a detailed analysis of the domain walls in supersymmetric
gluodynamics and SQCD. We use the (corrected) Veneziano-Yankielowicz effective
Lagrangians to explicitely obtain the wall profiles and check recent results of
Dvali and Shifman (Phys. Lett. B396, (1997) 64: (i) the BPS-saturated nature of
the walls; (ii) the exact expressions for the wall energy density which depend
only on global features of dynamics (the existence of a non-trivial central
extension of N=1 superalgebra in the theories which admit wall-like solutions).
If supersymmetry is softly broken by the gluino mass, the degeneracy of the
distinct vacua is gone, and one can consider the decay rate of the "false"
vacuum into the genuine one. We do this calculation in the limit of the small
gluino mass. Finally, we comment on the controversy regarding the existence of
distinct chirally asymmetric vacua in SU(N) SUSY gluodynamics.Comment: 26 pages, Latex, several misprints corrected, final version to be
published in Phys.Rev.
The Center symmetry and its spontaneous breakdown at high temperatures
We examine the role of the center Z(N) of the gauge group SU(N) in gauge
theories. In this pedagogical article, we discuss, among other topics, the
center symmetry and confinement and deconfinement in gauge theories and
associated finite-temperature phase transitions. We also look at universal
properties of domain walls separating distinct confined and deconfined bulk
phases, including a description of how QCD color-flux strings can end on
color-neutral domain walls, and unusual finite-volume dependence in which
quarks in deconfined bulk phase seem to be "confined".Comment: LaTex, 35 pages, 6 figures, uses sprocl.sty. To be published in the
Festschrift in honor of B.L. Ioffe, "At the Frontier of Particle Physics/
Handbook of QCD", edited by M. Shifma
Skyrmions from Instantons inside Domain Walls
Some years ago, Atiyah and Manton described a method to construct approximate
Skyrmion solutions from Yang-Mills instantons. Here we present a dynamical
realization of this construction using domain walls in a five-dimensional gauge
theory. The non-abelian gauge symmetry is broken in each vacuum but restored in
the core of the domain wall, allowing instantons to nestle inside the wall. We
show that the worldvolume dynamics of the wall is given by the Skyrme model,
including the four-derivative term, and the instantons appear as Skyrmions.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure. v1: References added. v2: typos correcte
Lattice Gauge Theories at the Energy Frontier
This White Paper has been prepared as a planning document for the Division of
High Energy Physics of the U. S. Department of Energy. Recent progress in
lattice-based studies of physics beyond the standard model is summarized, and
major current goals of USQCD research in this area are presented. Challenges
and opportunities associated with the recently discovered 126 GeV Higgs-like
particle are highlighted. Computational resources needed for reaching important
goals are described. The document was finalized on February 11, 2013 with
references that are not aimed to be complete, or account for an accurate
historical record of the field.Comment: Submitted for the Snowmass 2013 e-Proceedings with 44 pages, 10
figures, and 3 table
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