1,718 research outputs found
Byzantine Attack and Defense in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey
The Byzantine attack in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), also known as the
spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack in the literature, is one of
the key adversaries to the success of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In the
past couple of years, the research on the Byzantine attack and defense
strategies has gained worldwide increasing attention. In this paper, we provide
a comprehensive survey and tutorial on the recent advances in the Byzantine
attack and defense for CSS in CRNs. Specifically, we first briefly present the
preliminaries of CSS for general readers, including signal detection
techniques, hypothesis testing, and data fusion. Second, we analyze the spear
and shield relation between Byzantine attack and defense from three aspects:
the vulnerability of CSS to attack, the obstacles in CSS to defense, and the
games between attack and defense. Then, we propose a taxonomy of the existing
Byzantine attack behaviors and elaborate on the corresponding attack
parameters, which determine where, who, how, and when to launch attacks. Next,
from the perspectives of homogeneous or heterogeneous scenarios, we classify
the existing defense algorithms, and provide an in-depth tutorial on the
state-of-the-art Byzantine defense schemes, commonly known as robust or secure
CSS in the literature. Furthermore, we highlight the unsolved research
challenges and depict the future research directions.Comment: Accepted by IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutoiral
Spectrum Sensing and Security Challenges and Solutions: Contemporary Affirmation of the Recent Literature
Cognitive radio (CR) has been recently proposed as a promising technology to improve spectrum utilization by enabling secondary access to unused licensed bands. A prerequisite to this secondary access is having no interference to the primary system. This requirement makes spectrum sensing a key function in cognitive radio systems. Among common spectrum sensing techniques, energy detection is an engaging method due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, the major disadvantage of energy detection is the hidden node problem, in which the sensing node cannot distinguish between an idle and a deeply faded or shadowed band. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) which uses a distributed detection model has been considered to overcome that problem. On other dimension of this cooperative spectrum sensing, this is vulnerable to sensing data falsification attacks due to the distributed nature of cooperative spectrum sensing. As the goal of a sensing data falsification attack is to cause an incorrect decision on the presence/absence of a PU signal, malicious or compromised SUs may intentionally distort the measured RSSs and share them with other SUs. Then, the effect of erroneous sensing results propagates to the entire CRN. This type of attacks can be easily launched since the openness of programmable software defined radio (SDR) devices makes it easy for (malicious or compromised) SUs to access low layer protocol stacks, such as PHY and MAC. However, detecting such attacks is challenging due to the lack of coordination between PUs and SUs, and unpredictability in wireless channel signal propagation, thus calling for efficient mechanisms to protect CRNs. Here in this paper we attempt to perform contemporary affirmation of the recent literature of benchmarking strategies that enable the trusted and secure cooperative spectrum sensing among Cognitive Radios
Block Outlier Methods for Malicious User Detection in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing
Block outlier detection methods, based on Tietjen-Moore (TM) and Shapiro-Wilk
(SW) tests, are proposed to detect and suppress spectrum sensing data
falsification (SSDF) attacks by malicious users in cooperative spectrum
sensing. First, we consider basic and statistical SSDF attacks, where the
malicious users attack independently. Then we propose a new SSDF attack, which
involves cooperation among malicious users by masking. In practice, the number
of malicious users is unknown. Thus, it is necessary to estimate the number of
malicious users, which is found using clustering and largest gap method.
However, we show using Monte Carlo simulations that, these methods fail to
estimate the exact number of malicious users when they cooperate. To overcome
this, we propose a modified largest gap method.Comment: Accepted in Proceedings of 79th IEEE Vehicular Technology
Conference-Spring (VTC-Spring), May 2014, Seoul, South Kore
A Study on Techniques/Algorithms used for Detection and Prevention of Security Attacks in Cognitive Radio Networks
In this paper a detailed survey is carried out on the taxonomy of Security Issues, Advances on Security Threats and Countermeasures ,A Cross-Layer Attack, Security Status and Challenges for Cognitive Radio Networks, also a detailed survey on several Algorithms/Techniques used to detect and prevent SSDF(Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification) attack a type of DOS (Denial of Service) attack and several other  Network layer attacks in Cognitive Radio Network or Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Node Networks(WSNN’s) to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of those existing algorithms/techniques
Intelligent spectrum management techniques for wireless cognitive radio networks
PhD ThesisThis thesis addresses many of the unique spectrum management chal-
lenges in CR networks for the rst time. These challenges have a vital
e ect on the network performance and are particularly di cult to solve
due to the unique characteristics of CR networks. Speci cally, this thesis
proposes and investigates three intelligent spectrum management tech-
niques for CR networks. The issues investigated in this thesis have a
fundamental impact on the establishment, functionality and security of
CR networks.
First, an intelligent primary receiver-aware message exchange protocol
for CR ad hoc networks is proposed. It considers the problem of alleviat-
ing the interference collision risk to primary user communication, explic-
itly to protect primary receivers that are not detected during spectrum
sensing. The proposed protocol achieves a higher measure of safeguard-
ing. A practical scenario is considered where no global network topology
is known and no common control channel is assumed to exist.
Second, a novel CR broadcast protocol (CRBP) to reliably disseminate
the broadcast messages to all or most of the possible CR nodes in the
network is proposed. The CRBP formulates the broadcast problem as a
bipartite-graph problem. Thus, CRBP achieves a signi cant successful
delivery ratio by connecting di erent local topologies, which is a unique
feature in CR ad hoc networks.
Finally, a new defence strategy to defend against spectrum sensing data
falsi cation attacks in CR networks is proposed. In order to identify
malicious users, the proposed scheme performs multiple veri cations of
sensory data with the assistance of trusted nodes.Higher Committee For Education Devel-
opment in Iraq (HCED-Iraq
Applications of Repeated Games in Wireless Networks: A Survey
A repeated game is an effective tool to model interactions and conflicts for
players aiming to achieve their objectives in a long-term basis. Contrary to
static noncooperative games that model an interaction among players in only one
period, in repeated games, interactions of players repeat for multiple periods;
and thus the players become aware of other players' past behaviors and their
future benefits, and will adapt their behavior accordingly. In wireless
networks, conflicts among wireless nodes can lead to selfish behaviors,
resulting in poor network performances and detrimental individual payoffs. In
this paper, we survey the applications of repeated games in different wireless
networks. The main goal is to demonstrate the use of repeated games to
encourage wireless nodes to cooperate, thereby improving network performances
and avoiding network disruption due to selfish behaviors. Furthermore, various
problems in wireless networks and variations of repeated game models together
with the corresponding solutions are discussed in this survey. Finally, we
outline some open issues and future research directions.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables, 168 reference
- …